Lord of the Flies Coursework

‘The principle characters in the Lord of the flies are like world pioneers that have governed through history’. I concur that the fundamental characters from Lord of the flies are like the world chiefs that have governed through history. There are four primary characters in the film ‘Lord of the Flies’ and they are Jack, Simon, Piggy and Ralph. Every one of these characters have an individual perspective and they all have various characters. Jack is truly tantamount to the world chief called Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler was total abhorrent, all-amazing, distraught, and loathed by others, splendid, profoundly strict and stubborn.Adolf Hitler was a pioneer since he had the option to persuade individuals and cause them to do what he needs them to do. Jack needed to be a pioneer also and after the votes when he wasn’t picked to manage the children he convinced Ralph that he would get him out. Jack thought he was almighty since everybody followed what he sai d. Part of the way through the film Jack was getting undesirable since individuals viewed him as excessively bossy so he utilized he’s aptitudes to persuade individuals that he is the best chief and that he is obviously superior to the pioneer that they picked which was Ralph.I think Jack wasn’t so splendid however he realized how to persuade individuals to trust him and this made him obstinate and intense. He was extremely certain about him self and he was a sure individual. At the point when the children joined his gathering since they had a decision of joining Jack or Ralph they picked Jack and he turned extremely forceful and slaughtered two individuals from the contrary gathering. Jack took his indignation on creatures and different individuals from the plane accident. Piggy helps me to remember Martin Luther King as he needed to change the entire of America to make harmony. Piggy needed to change the individuals that contended and he was steady towards the pionee r Ralph.When Jack was a very pioneer Ralph wasn’t sure what to do to stop him and Piggy helped him and appeared to be extremely strong and well disposed. He was likewise truly guileless and he figured he could trust Ralph by disclosing to him a mystery that individuals used to call him ‘Piggy’ and he never loved him. He asked Ralph not to enlighten anybody however Ralph told everybody concerning it. Piggy continued being extremely decent towards Ralph. Piggy was exceptionally keen and fearless simply like Martin Luther King and he expressed his real thoughts and concocted various thoughts. By: Natalia Jozwiak 10EA

Lum and Abner Essay -- essays research papers fc

Lum and Abner      What is the main thing you consider when you here of the 1930’s, Amos and Andy or what about Lum and Abner? Lum and Abner weren’t truly expected to do anything with their lives; they were simply having a fabulous time attempting to make a big deal about them selves. They got two of the most renowned individuals from Polk and Montgomery provinces: Chet Lauck-Lum, Norris Goff-Abner, and the historical backdrop of Lum and Abner. Chester Lauck was conceived in Alleene, Arkansas, February 2, 1902. (Alleene, Arkansas)(www.mu.net/stemple/page1.htm) His folks were W.J. what's more, Cora Lauck. (Cate, Micheal, 190) Chet moved to Mena in 1911, where he met Norris Goff. They turned out to be awesome companions. Chet lived on Port Arthur Avenue in Mena. His dad claimed the sawmill and was the Union Bank president. Chet went to Mena secondary school. He played baseball, ball, football, and track. He had two more seasoned siblings and one more youthful sister. He moved on from secondary school in 1920. After secondary school, Chet went to the University of Arkansas and got a degree in publicizing. He was the co-proofreader of the University’s humor magazine and was a Razorback team promoter. After the University of Arkansas, he went to learn at Chicago Institute of Fine Arts. (Stucker, Kathryn Moore) In 1926, Chet wedded Harriet Wood. He had three youngsters: Shirley, Nancy, and Chet Jr.      Norris Goff was conceived in Cove, Arkansas, May 30, 1906. (www.me.net/stemple/page1.htm) His folks were Rome and Dora Goff. (Cate, Micheal, 190) He lived on Reine Street. His dad filled in as a discount food merchant. (Williams, Troy, 70) When Norris was in secondary school, he was quarterback for the football crew. He graduated in 1924. He at that point went to the University of Arkansas and the University of Oklahoma. After school he worked at his fathers’ organization. In 1929, Norris wedded Elizabeth Bullion. They had a kid, Gary, and a young lady, Gretchen. (Stucker, Kathryn Moore)      Waters was the name of the town Chet and Norris began in. Waters seemed like a bog so they changed the name of the town to Pine Ridge, as a result of the forested areas and valleys of the Ouachitas. In Pine Ridge there was a sawmill, post office, metalworker shop, gristmill, and other essential administrations to the ranch network. The people group began in the mid 1900’s. Lauck and Goff lived near one another. and... ...ette Tips from Abner Peabody.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www.nidlink. com/~lrcook/lumetiquette.html> (4 Nov. 1999). â€Å"Lum and Abner.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://asms.k12.ar.us./armem/hunker/ lumab.htm> (4 Nov. 1999). â€Å"Lum and Abner.† 1998. On the web. Web. Accessible <http://www.lum-abner.com/> (30 Sept. 1999). â€Å"Lum and Abner.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www.nidlink.com/~lrcook/ lumnabner.html> (1 Nov. 1999). â€Å"National Lum Abner Society home page.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www. mu.net/stemple/page1.htm> (30 Sept. 1999). â€Å"National Lum Abner Society home page.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www. mu.net/stemple/page2.htm> (30 Sept. 1999)  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â€Å"Overview.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://asms.k12.ar.us./armem/croach/ overview.htm> (4 Nov. 1999).

Finding Home Between Fiction And Truth

Finding Home Between Fiction And Truth I don’t know if this is expected of all non-white readers, but in my experience as a South Asian person, I think a lot of people expect me to have readâ€"if not lovedâ€"writers like Jhumpa Lahiri, Arundhati Roy, and Kiran Desai, and more. So, it’s always awkward to admit that you’ve read very little of them, always for a class, and even if youd read them outside of a class it would be a lie to say you loved them. I would never dispute the literary quality of their work or the deep insight with which they construct their stories and characters, but as (yet another) huge change of “Do I get to stay in one place, or move back to a home I barely know despite always calling it ‘home’?” looms over me, I find that fiction like the ones penned by the aforementioned authors feels at once, too much and not enough. I’ve written previously about how fantasy has always been a metaphoric home for me, but lately I’ve been finding joy in contemporary fiction. I thought, perhaps, reading a YA book on similar topics may help me feel a little … “unlost”, shall we say? (I am trying very hard to not use the phrase “find myself” because firstly, I hate that phrase and secondly, I am trying to find something very much external to me.) I decided to try Mitali Perkins’ You Bring the Distant Near but despite the fact that I loved the characters and the manner in which they handled their various struggles, the bookâ€"like the ones I read in school and collegeâ€"felt much too real and yet not at all similar to my own circumstances. Definitely the sign of a good book, just … not what I needed. It was around this time that a friend forwarded an essay from Durga Chew-Bose’s book Too Much and Not the Mood. The essay is called “D as in” and is a thoughtful exploration of the power names hold, when they are unsaid and especially when they are said (correctly). I ended up buying and reading the entire collection of essays. And though Chew-Bose and I have completely different experiences, I realized that non-fictionâ€"a category that in my eyes provides truths that are far more rigid than the ones in fictionâ€"provided whatever intangible thing I keep looking for in stories about immigrants. I also remembered then that Scaachi Koul’s book One Day We’ll All Be Dead and None of This Will Matter is another that touched me in the same way. Even Naben Ruthnum’s collection of essays Curry: Eating, Reading, and Raceâ€"which I love but have so many conflicting opinions onâ€"was a comfort to read. I have always used non-fiction as a way to check off some imaginary checklist. I have to read at least some non-fiction a year. To understand the world around me, to prove that I’m not, in fact, running away from my problems. If I felt homesick, however, Id reach for Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban or, more recently, the Six of Crows duology. It’s nice to know that I have far more options that I had previously realized. It’s nice to know these options won’t make me cry or stay up late with anxiety. It’s nice to have other hands to hold. Now, if you’ll excuse me, Chew-Boses hand is waiting.

The Diversity Audit Project Starbucks - 1406 Words

The purpose of the diversity audit project is to teach students how to analyze and measure diversity efforts of potential employers and as potential customers. In this globalizing world these skills are more important than ever. Many companies are making changes to diversify their employees and their customer base; this project is focused on investigating one company’s efforts. After this project students can expect to have gained a deeper knowledge of how to measure a company’s level of diversity and analyze its effects on both employees and customers. Many people think that Starbucks is just a company that sells coffee. Beginning our diversity audit, that’s what our group thought as well. As we began our research we uncovered a company that we could not have imagined. Starbucks has embraced diversity, and in many ways, is a trailblazer. Starbucks is involved in a plethora of diversity efforts, both in achieving diversity and managing diversity within the ir corporation. Starbucks becomes deeply involved in promoting diversity by creating Partner Networks (â€Å"Diversity and Inclusion†). A partner is an employee of Starbucks, and Partner Networks are support systems created and supported by Starbucks to help their diverse staff feel included and welcome. Partner networks include Starbucks Access Alliance Partnership, which promotes increased accessibility and use of Starbucks facilities for customers and Partners with disabilities (â€Å"Diversity and Inclusion†).Show MoreRelatedStudent Audit Example Starbucks Essay12474 Words   |  50 PagesRunning head: STRATEGIC AUDIT OF STARBUCKS CORP  ® STRATEGIC AUDIT OF STARBUCKS CORPORATION Wilmer Ochoa Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Prof. Dr. Karen Chapman Strategic Management - MGMT 436 October 4, 2014 STRATEGIC AUDIT OF STARBUCKS CORP 1 Table of Contents I - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 II - CURRENT SITUATION 3 Mission statement analysis 6 III - CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Board of Directors IV - EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS 7 8 16 Societal environment 16 Task environmentRead MoreCrisis Communication Plan3162 Words   |  13 PagesCrisis Communication Plan FOR STARBUCKS Submitted By: Janset BatÄ ±bay Submitted To: Joe Goldiamond Date: 15.Nov.2011 In today’s skeptical world, where critics, media and public are cynical about companies, their operations and how authentic they are in being socially responsible, it is almost impossible for organizations to create a 100% good image. In more than half of all the television programs, it is easy to come across with negative portraits of business people. This reality hasRead MoreStarbucks: Internal and External Ethics2818 Words   |  12 Pagesthe internal and external business ethics practiced at Starbucks Corporation. One of the Starbucks guiding principles is â€Å"to contribute positively to communities and environment.† Introduction Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them along with fresh, rich brewed, Italian style espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and coffee-related accessories and equipment. The Starbucks Company established in 1971 in Seattle’s Pike Place marketRead MoreThe Business Management Term Corporate Social Responsibility1998 Words   |  8 PagesBarnes Bill, 1997) In the case of Starbucks, they implemented an aggressive CSR strategy. Their mission statements for employees â€Å"Our Partners we’re called partners, because it’s not just a job, it’s our passion. Together, we embrace diversity to create a place where each of us can be ourselves. We always treat each other with respect and dignity. And we hold each other to that standard.† They have translated their statement by implementing Starbucks one volunteer project at a time, free college and alsoRead MoreStarbusks And Conservation International12350 Words   |  50 Pages9-303-055 REV: MAY 1, 2004 JAMES E. AUSTIN CATE REAVIS Starbucks and Conservation International Aligning self-interest to social responsibility is the most powerful way to sustaining a company’s success. —Orin Smith, President and CEO, Starbucks Coffee Company In mid-2002, the management of Starbucks, the world’s leading specialty coffee company, was examining its collaborative efforts with the environmental nonprofit Conservation International to promote coffee-growing practices that would enhanceRead MoreStarbucks Marketing Audit3536 Words   |  15 PagesMarketing Audit: Starbucks Coffee Shops, Environmental Aspect Section -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 3 elements for Starbucks Coffee are: I need each element and each question in the element answered (using at least 5 references) This is about Starbucks Coffee Shops and their Environmental Aspect section of a marketing audit. Conclusion. 1) Culture---how have attitudes towards business in general, the industry, and the organization changedRead MoreStarbucks : A Major American Company Essay10168 Words   |  41 PagesHistory Starbucks is a major American company that was founded in 1971 by three college friends in Seattle, Washington. Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker at one time were all of different paths until they learned coffee roasting techniques from coffee entrepreneur, Alfred Peet (Starbucks Timeline, 2016). Alfred taught the three friends his particular style of roasting which ignited a spark in the trio and they were inspired to sell high quality coffee beans and roastingRead MoreStarbucks : A Major American Company Essay10173 Words   |  41 PagesStarbucks is a major American company that was founded in 1971 by three college friends in Seattle, Washington.? Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker at one time were all of different paths until they learned coffee roasting techniques from coffee entrepreneur, Alfred Peet (Starbucks Timeline, 2016).? Alfred taught the three friends his particular style of roasting which ignited a spark in the trio and they were i nspired to sell high quality coffee beans and roasting equipment. They soonRead MoreStarbucks : A Major American Company Essay10122 Words   |  41 PagesHistory Starbucks is a major American company that was founded in 1971 by three college friends in Seattle, Washington.? Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker at one time were all of different paths until they learned coffee roasting techniques from coffee entrepreneur, Alfred Peet (Starbucks Timeline, 2016).? Alfred taught the three friends his particular style of roasting which ignited a spark in the trio and they were inspired to sell high quality coffee beans and roastingRead MoreEssay about Feasibility Study report Starbucks Group15699 Words   |  23 Pagesï » ¿ Feasibility Study Establishment of Starbuck Coffeehouses in Afghanistan Team One Hasibullah Dehzad Sahar Sulaimankhail Fariha Baheer Hamidullah Rafiyi MGT 540, Section 2 Major Assignment Professor Christopher Henderson December 19, 2014 Contents Executive Summery 3 Introduction 4 1 Research Methodology 5 1.1 Statement of the Problem and Significance of the Study 5 1.2 Scope of the study 5 1.3 Objectives of the study 5 1.4 Data collection 5 1.5 Sample 5 1.6 Data Analysis 6 2

What Is Religion Essay - 878 Words

Religion is a hard concept to comprehend. It is showing us a different side to look at our life. Instead of having hard facts that can be physically proven, religion shows us to take a leap of faith and believe the impossible. In The Nature of Existence Charles Messer says: â€Å"Religion is simply a system of actions meant to give you access to God and Heaven. (eternal Life)†. In my faith I am taught that we are created by a higher being; God. That He is omnipotent and he loves all human beings, even if we do not believe in him and follow him. That he sent his only son, to die on the cross for all of us. Other religions may say the opposite: that there is more than one god and that Jesus was not the messiah. Edward and people with†¦show more content†¦People who have a strong faith in what they believe in, and will say that their religion is the true religion. I am one who believes that my religion is the correct. But like Nancy says; I have created my own religion. I discovered my own belief system, by challenging other religions and figuring out what others have to say about their own beliefs. Brother Jed Smock is one who challenges our faith, by going to college campuses and spreading his beliefs onto others. What he talks about at the colleges, causes the students to question and challenge Brother Jed’s beliefs. While asking these questions, the students have to also look at their own beliefs and may question them as well. To truly grasp our religion we need to ask questions and find answers. One of the best ways to do this is to challenge others and to break down the answer they have provided. It strengthens us and takes our beliefs to a whole new level. Believing in something is a way of life. Everyone has some kind of belief system. We can believe that there is a God or believe that there is no God. This is the same as an opinion: we all have opinions on everything no matter what. If no one had an opinion then there would not be discussions or arguments.(Without this progress could not be made) Whether or not we belive in a religion or science or even both, there is a reason why we do. It is a way to explain things we cannot explain (it is a way to ease ourShow MoreRelatedReligion : What Is Religion?2567 Words   |  11 PagesWhat is religion? Remember to advance a claim, make an argument, and support that argument with evidence from our readings. A Way of progress/life goal Primal Religions= Confucianism= To become a Chun Tzu Taoism= To follow the Way and attain or maintain te. ‘‘two great sanctions: the moral requirements visible in nature and the inner conviction of what is right and wrong The eastern religions of Taoism and Confucianism, as well as, the primal religions discussed by Smith are far differentRead MoreReligion : What Is It?902 Words   |  4 PagesReligion: What is it? There are many different religions that people believe in today. When I think of religion I think of a group of people who believe in a god or gods that created the world and determine your faith. There are different forms of theist religions, some of these religions believe in many gods and some only believe in one. That to me was the main part about being religious, is that you had to believe in a god. I never believed or knew that religions could be non-theistic, so I alwaysRead MoreWhat is Religion?1045 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Religion? Religion has many meanings; a way of life, belief, and practices. In America people have different views on religion; it was indicated in the constitution. What is the constitution? The constitution is set of laws approved by the state. Religion and constitution are separate. As stated in the constitution of the United State of America, the first amendment, â€Å"congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.† I n other words the constitution and religion are notRead MoreWhat Is A Religion?1317 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is a religion? A religion is a set of beliefs based on a common principle shared by a community. Some of the most famous religions are Christianity, Buddhism, and Judaism. The goal of Christianity is to be one with God. Key Christianity practices include Sunday service, reading bible, praying regularly, and pilgrimages to hold the community together and have a strong relationship with God. Christians also have a strong devotion to saints. In Buddhism, people practice detachment from everythingRead MoreWhat Is Religion1838 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is Religion? Is religion a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny or is it a system of symbols, myths, doctrines, ethics and rituals for the expression of ultimate relevance (Carmody, 2008). Religion is the human quest for experience of, and response to the holy or sacred and a combination of all individuals desire to attain the promise of a better life than that here on earth, human spirituality. Religion is the voluntary subjection of oneself to God (CatholicRead MoreWhat is Religion?2214 Words   |  9 PagesReligion comes from the Latin word religare which means to â€Å"to tie, to bind.† It is a belief in something sacred which binds a number of people together based on a common purpose. Religion is just not an organization but it is also a platform of seeing the world. It is like a prism which shows different light to different people. India is a country where people of different religion has come and has settled down. There are the fire worship ping Hindus, the Kitabia Muslims and Christians, the minorityRead MoreWhat Is a Religion?585 Words   |  2 Pages A religion is a system of beliefs, collective ideas, traditions, and rituals that serve the purpose of gathering, unifying, educating, and enlightening a group of people by influencing and guiding their insights, thoughts, and ways of life. Religion has been highly influential through the course of human history as a source of influence. A large proportion of people in the world today believe in a religion. Religion is most like a system, or collective structure designed to encourage beliefsRead MoreCulture And Religion : What Is Religion?1758 Words   |  8 PagesCulture and Religion What is Culture? What is Religion? Which predates the other? Are they different from another? Is one a byproduct of another? Or are they one in the same? These fundamental questions will dictate whether people and their beliefs make up the interpretation of their environment or have definitive proof beyond that of a theory, substantiating Religion not just as a social construct of culture, but an absolute for acknowledgement and submission of an individual and more importantlyRead MoreWhat Is Religion? Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is religion? Each person’s definition of religion is different. Each person’s faith is different. This is a question that has been asked for centuries, and regardless of the answer given there is no right or wrong answer. Religion can be defined as a group of people who have shared beliefs who feel their life has purpose or meaning. This feeling or belief that their life has meaning can come from outside of themselves, as well as within. Taking this one step further, these shared beliefsRead MoreWhat Makes A Religion?946 Words   |  4 Pagesare the same. What makes us so similar? Is it that rhythm in our chest? Is it out compassion and love for one another? Is it the desire to create art and feel inspiration? I believe religion is the key to all of these. Even if one don’t follow a religion, they can still admit that there is something spiritual about the likeness of each living, individual soul. Like humans, religions are also vastly similar at their core. Yes, they have many many different qualities and beliefs, but what you look at

History Of Popular Culture Free Essays

In Early Modern Europe festivals were the setting for heroes and their stories, to be celebrated by the populace. They posed a change from their everyday life. In those days people lived in remembrance of one festival and in expectance of the next. We will write a custom essay sample on History Of Popular Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Different kinds of festivals were celebrated in different ways. There were festivals that marked an individual occasion and weren’t part of the festival calendar, like family festivals such as weddings and christenings. Some took place at the same time every year and ere for everyone, like community festivals like the different saints’ days. Pilgrimages took place all year round. Annuals festivals like Christmas and Midsummer always took place on the same day every year. In those days the average village in Western Europe celebrated at least 17 festivals annually, not counting family occasions and saints’ days. Some festivals, such as Carnival, lasted several days or sometimes even several weeks. In the Netherlands Carnival started every year at the 11th of November (St. Martin) and culminated in a big festival of ‘Dranck, pleijsier ende vrouwen’ (Drink, fun and women) at the end of the Carnival eriod, preceding the period of Lent. Festivals were meant to take the minds of the people off their everyday life, off the hard times and their work. Everyday life in Early Modern Europe was filled with rituals, both religious and secular. Songs and stories played an important role in their lives, although they sometimes adjusted the details of the legends and stories to fit the way they thought a certain festival should take place. Popular culture was mixed with ecclesiastical culture in many ways. The story of St. John the Baptist is a good example of this. The ancient ritual f bathing and lighting fires during Midsummer’s Eve was a remnant of a ritual from the pre-Christian period. Fire and water, symbols of purification, could be seen as the tools of St. John the Baptist, and therefore a combination of the two elements of popular and ecclesiastical culture was obvious. It looks as if the Medieval Church took over the festival and made it theirs. The same thing happened to the Midwinter Festival, which became linked with the birth of Christ, on 25 December. There are many more examples to be found, such as the connection between St. Martin and geese caused by the fact that the St. Martins Day (11 November) coincided with the period during which the people used to kill their geese in the period preceding the Christian period. Carnival plays a special role in popular culture in Early Modern Europe. It is a great example of a festival of images and texts. It was a popular festival, taking on different forms in different regions of Europe. Aside from regional variations, these differences were also caused by factors such as the climate, the political situation and the economical situation in an area. On a whole Carnival started in late December or early January and reached ts peak upon approaching Lent. The actual feast, taking place at the end of the festive period, could take days and would usually involve large quantities of food and drinks. The festival took place in the open air in the centre of a town or city. Within a region, the way Carnival was celebrated varied from town to town. The festival was a play, with the streets as a stage and the people as actors and spectators. They often depicted everyday life scenes and made fun of them. Informal events took place throughout the Carnival period. There was massive eating and drinking, as a way of ’stocking up’ for Lent. People sang and danced in the streets, using the special songs of Carnival, and people wore masks and fancy-dress. There was verbal aggression, insults were exchanged and satirical verses were sung. More formally structures events were concentrated in the last days of the Carnival period. These events took places in the central squares and were often organised by clubs or fraternities. The main theme during Carnival was usually ‘The World Upside Down’. Situations got turned around. It was an enactment of the world turned upside down. Men dressed up as women, women dressed up as men, the rich traded places with the poor, etc. There was physical reversal: people standing on their heads, horses going backwards and fishes flying. There was reversal of relationships between man and beast: the horse shoeing the master or the fish eating the fisherman. The other reversal was that of relationships between men: servants giving orders to their masters or men feeding children while their wives worked the fields. Many events centred on the figure of ‘Carnival’, often depicted as a fat man, cheerful and surrounded by food. The figure of ‘Lent’, for contrast, often took the form of a thin, old woman, dressed in black and hung with fish. These depictions varied in form and name in the different regions in Europe. A recurring element was the performance of a play, usually a farce. Mock battles were also a favourite pass-time during the Carnival period. Carnival usually ended with the defeat of ‘Carnival’ by ‘Lent’. This could happen in the form of the mock trial and execution of ‘Carnival’, (Bologna, Italy, 16th century), the beheading of a pig (Venice, Italy), or the burial of a sardine (Madrid, Spain). So what was the meaning of Carnival in Early Modern Europe? Was it merely an excuse for the populace to go crazy or did Carnival have a deeper eaning hidden behind the facade of food, violence and sex? Carnival was a holiday, a game. It was a time of ecstasy and liberation. The form was determined by three major themes: food, sex and violence. It was the time of indulgence, of abundance. It was also a time of intense sexual activity – tables of the seasonal movement of conceptions in 18th century France show a peak around February. Carnival was also a festival of aggression, destruction and desecration. It was the ideal time to insult or pester people who had wronged someone, often in the form of a mock battle of a football match. A time for paying off old grudges. Serious violence was not avoided and in most areas the rates of serious crimes and killings went up during Carnival. It was also a time of opposition, in more than one way. It opposed the ecclesiastical ritual of Lent. Lent was a period of fasting and abstinence of all things enjoyed by the people, not just food and drink but also sex and recreation. The elements that were taken out of life during Lent were emphasised during Carnival. All that was portrayed by the figures of ‘Carnival’ and ‘Lent’ (fat versus thin). Carnival was polysemous, meaning different things to different people in ifferent areas. In different regions, different heroes were celebrated. Sometimes elements were taken over from other regions. Carnival did not have the same importance all over Europe. In the north of Europe (Britain, Scandinavia) it was less important than in the rest of Europe. This was probably partly due to the climate which discouraged an elaborate street festival at that time of the year. In these regions, people preferred to elaborate the festivities during the Midsummer festival (St. John’s Eve). Two reasons for this are the pagan survivals that were stronger in these regions, partly because they were solated from the rest of Europe due to geographical obstacles, causing a lesser ecclesiastical influence, and the climatic situation as mentioned above. Carnival was a festival in extremis, but elements of Carnival can be found in every festival that was celebrated in Early Modern Europe. During the harvest season, all over Europe festivals and rituals were held. The harvest was celebrated, again, with elaborate drinking and eating, although in a more moderate way than the Carnival celebrations. All these festival had one thing in common: they offered the people an escape from their everyday life and a way to express themselves. It offered the people a way to vent their resentments and some form of entertainment. Festivals were an escape from their struggle to earn a living. They were something to look forward to and were a celebration of the community and a display of its ability to put on a good show. It is said that the mocking of outsiders (the neighbouring village or Jews) and animals might be seen as a dramatic expression of community solidarity. Some rituals might be seen as a form of social control, in a sense that it was a means for a community to express their discontent with certain embers of the community (charivari). The ritual of public punishment can be seen in this light, as it was used to deter people from committing crimes. Professor Max Gluckman used the African popular culture to explain the social function of the ritual of reversal of roles as it happened during rituals as Carnival. Similar rituals still occur in certain regions in Africa. Gluckman explains this ritual as an emphasis of certain rules and taboos through lifting them for a certain period of time. The apparent protests against the social order were intended to preserve and even to trengthen the established order. As a counter example Gluckman states that: â€Å"? in regions where the social order is seriously questioned, ‘rites of protest’ do not occur. † Riots and rebellions frequently took place during major festivals. Rebels and rioters employed rituals and symbols to legitimise their actions. Inhibitions against expressing hostility towards the authorities or individuals were weakened by the excitement of the festival and the consumption of large quantities of alcohol. If those factors were combined with discontent over a bad harvest, tax increases or other calamities, this ituation could get out of control. It could prove a good opportunity for people excluded from power to try and enforce certain changes. It is hardly surprising that members of the upper classes often suggested that particular festivals ought to be abolished. They felt threatened by the populace who during festivals tried to revolt against the ruling classes and change the economical situation they were in. The reform of popular festivals was instigated by the will of some of the ‘educated’ to change the attitudes and values of the rest of the population († to improve them†). This reformation took on different forms in different regions and it took place at different moments in time. There were also differences in the practices that were being reformed. Catholics and Protestants opposed to different elements of popular festivals and they did so for different reasons. Even within the Protestant movement, the views towards reformation of festivals and popular rituals varied. Missionaries on both sides worked in Europe to install their religious values in the local people. Reformers on both sides objected in particular to certain elements in popular religion. Festivals were part of popular religion or were at least disguised as an element of popular religion. The festival of Martinmas (11 November) was a good example of this. What were the objections of the authorities against these elements of popular culture in general and popular religion in particular? There were two essential religious objections. Firstly, the majority of festivals were seen as remnants of ancient paganism. Secondly, the festivals offered the people an occasion to over-indulge in immoral or offensive behaviour, at many occasions attacking the establishment (both ecclesiastical and civil). The first objection meant that reformers disliked many of the popular customs because they contained traces of ancient customs dating from pre-Christian times. Protestant reformers went very far in their objections, even denouncing a number of Catholic rituals as being pre-Christian survivals, considering the saints as successors of pagan gods and heroes, taking over their curative and protective functions. Magic was also considered a pagan remnant: the Protestants accused the Catholics of practising a pagan ritual by claiming that certain holy places held magical powers and could cure people. The reformers denounced the rituals they didn’t find fitting as being irreverent and blasphemous. Carnival and the charivaris were considered â€Å"the work of the devil†, because it made a mockery of certain godly elements the Church held sacred. The reformers thought people who didn’t honour God in their way to be heathen, doomed to spend their afterlife in eternal damnation. Flamboyance was to be chased out of all religious aspects of culture, and, where possible, out of all other aspects of life, according to the Protestant doctrine. In some areas, gesturing during church services was banned, as was laughter. All these things were seen as irreverent, making a mockery of religion. All these changes were introduced in order to create a sharper separation between the ’sacred’ and the ‘profane’. The ecclesiastical authorities were out to destroy the traditional familiarity with the sacred because â€Å"familiarity breeds irreverence. The objection against popular recreations stemmed from the idea that they were ‘vanities’, displeasing God because they were a waste of time and money and distracted people from going to church. This objection was shared by both the ecclesiastical and civil authorities. The latter mainly bjected because it distracted the populace from their work, which in turn affected the revenues of the leading upper classes, or from other activities that were benefiting the rich, reasons that would vary per region. Catholic and Protestant reformers were not equally hostile to popular culture, nor were they hostile for quite the same reasons. Protestant reformers were more radical, denouncing festivals as relics of popery and looking to abolish feast-days as well as the feast that came with it, because they considered the saints that were celebrated during these festivals as remnants of a pre-Christian era. Many of these Protestant reformers were equally radical in their attacks on holy images, which they considered ‘idols’. During the end of the 16th and the first half of the 17th century Dutch churches were pillaged by Protestants trying to destroy all religious relics and images (de Beeldenstorm). Catholic reformers were more modified in their actions; they tried to reach a certain modification of popular religious culture, even trying to adapt certain elements to the Catholic way of worshipping and incorporating popular elements into their religion. They insisted that some times were holier than others, and they id object to the extend to which the holy days were celebrated with food and drink. Some argued that it was impossible to obey the rites of Lent with proper reverence and devotion if they had indulged in Carnival just before. Catholic reformers also installed rules in order to regulate certain popular festivals and rituals, such as a prohibition on dressing up as a member of the clergy during Carnival or a prohibition on dancing or performing plays in churches or churchyards. Contrary to the Protestant reformers however, the Catholic reformers did not set out to abolish estivals and rituals completely. Civil authorities had their own reasons to object to popular festivals in Early Modern Europe. Apart from taking the people away from work or other obligations, the authorities feared that during the time of a festival, the abundance of alcohol could stir up the feelings of discontent the people had been hiding all throughout the year. Misery and alcohol could create a dangerous mix that would give people the courage they needed to rebel against authorities. This was a good reason for the authorities to try and stop, or at least control, popular festivals. 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The Iroquois And The US Constitution Essay free essay sample

The Iroquois And The U.S Constitution Essay, Research Paper Nothing is so cardinal yet so of import to the freedoms we enjoy every bit Americans as the United States Constitution, which guarantees our right to make and state as we please so long as it does no injury. The Iroquois Federation preamble describes the intent of the authorities set up by the authorities in their statements the accent is placed on perfect peace for the public assistance of the people. Their focal point was contending for, the autonomy of the people. Among the Indian states whose ancient seats were within the bounds of our democracy, the Iroquois have long continued to busy the most conspicuous place. The Iroquois flourished in independency, and capable of ego protection, long after the new England and Virginia races had surrendered their legal powers, and fallen into the status of dependant. States they now stand Forth upon the canvas of Indian history prominent likewise for the wisdom of their civil establishments of the conference. We will write a custom essay sample on The Iroquois And The US Constitution Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Merely the Iroquois had a system that seemed to run into most of the demands espoused by the many parties to the arguments the Iroquois surely have a considered the influence on the drafty of our ain fundamental law, and we present twenty-four hours Americans owe them a really big debt. At the clip of the initiation of Iroquois League of state, we have merely the early narratives, which was passed down from coevals until such clip as a written linguistic communication existed. We merely have narratives that were passed down form coevals to coevals until such clip as there was a written linguistic communication and interprets available to enter that early history. Early explores and settler found the Iroquois good set up as they had been for many coevalss with a democratic authorities, with a signifier at faith that acknowledged a Godhead in Eden ; with a strong sense of household which was used on, and controlled by their adult females. In 1744 an Iroquois leader, Canassatege, had an thought. In showing the thought to his assembly, he realized that no 1 was listening to what he had to state. He suggested that they should organize an umbrella group that consisted of 13 settlements. The 13 settlements were derived from the 13 cousins of the Iroquois people. He mentioned each settlement could maintain his authorization and the 13 settlements could talk to each with one voice. Many old ages subsequently the United States household developed this thought the fundamental law. The United States Constitution is the supreme jurisprudence of the land. it was written by the Continental Congress. Every citizen and non-citizens right are guaranteed by the fundamental law. The fundamental law can be changed and these alterations are called Amendments. The first 10 are called the Bill of Rights. There are 26 alterations to the fundamental law. By comparing the Iroquois federation to the Federalist and anti-federalist places one will see that there are many similarities every bit good as the difference among the three. The similarities between the Iroquois an the Federalist allows me to believe that the Iroquois were the 1s responsible for the defining this great state, America. The Adoption of the Fundamental law Washington was nem con chosen president and a secretary was appointed. A few yearss # 8217 ; later regulations of process were adopted. It was determined that each province should hold one ballot in the convention. As was the instance in the Virginians, who had arrived in progress of most of the deputations met often in informal caucus and drafted series of declarations, mostly the work of Madison, which was presented to the convention on by Governor Randolph. The Virginian program, declarations are called, provided for a division of the cardinal authorities into three sections, legislative, executive and judicial. The Virginian program may be called the big province program. it proposed exchanges in the construction and character of the federal authorities so sweeping that they could barely be regarded simply as a serious of amendments of the articles of alliance. Professor Max Farrand, ( the editor of the records of the federal convention ) has compiled from the Hagiographas of the members of the convention. Prior to its meeting, a list of what they regarded as the defects of the Articles of Confederation. His sentiment was based on a elaborate cognition of the proceedings of the convention is that there is small of importance in the fundamental law that did non originate from the attempt to rectify these specific defects. The truth is, that the great rules of the fundamental law proposed by the convention may be considered less as a perfectly now, than as the enlargement of rules which are found in the articles of Confederation. If the new fundamental law, be examined with truth and fairness, it will be found that the alteration which it propose consists much less in the add-on of New powers to the brotherhood, than in the animation of it # 8217 ; s original powers. Bequest of the Iroquois Revolution The Indians decided to negociate a pact at garrison stanwit. This new pact seemed necessary since Great Britain had made no footings for her Indian Alliess in the peace of Paris. They had promised the Mohawks pulp for their assistance in the war ; it seemed clear that Iroquois involvements had been abandoned. In make up ones minding the destiny of the Mohawks and other pro-British Iroquois, the British had played a cardinal function. For a clip, the Mohawks remained on the American side of the Niagara River, and the Senecas offered them land in the Genesse vale. However, Brant and his followings had no desire, to stay in New York. Subsequently, Governor Haldimald consented to buy a piece of land of land at the Bay of Quite for Brant and his people. But the sencas wanted Brant # 8217 ; s people closer, so Halmond secured a 1200-square stat mi piece of land on the Grand River Reserve, some refused to travel frequently they had settled at the Bay of Quinte. The Iroquois were said to be the most powerful people in the eastern forests. Some bookmans wrote that the Iroquois may hold arising every bit early as 1390 Ad, other said that they came between 1450-1500 Ad, it was really hard to state because during that clip no linguistic communication was written and any information collected were passed down from coevals to coevals. The Iroquois were still a strong and independent people at the terminal of the American Revolution. However, the attendant peace was to make even more desolation so the war had done. Land was taken randomly from former Alliess such as the Onedas and Tuscaroras, every bit good as from the folk that had supported the British. It is interesting that the thoughts of the Iroquois Confederacy service as illustrations both far the democratic societies every bit good as for the communist both of the universe # 8217 ; s major political orientation seem to trying to recapture, through theories and assorted establishment, the spirit of the Iroquois Confederacy. America tries to derive liberty through political establishments, while the Communist states are seeking to carry through their end through province planning and national control of the forces of production every bit good as the land and resources. Therefore, the values of the Iroquois Confederacy lived on today, and these same constructs have appalled contemplation in American establishments besides. The United States fundamental law would overthrow the Articles of Confederation in order to give the province more power, but the Bill of Rights that Jefferson and others insisted upon represent the endurance of political freedom and integrity through treatment and consensus. Furthermore, the bequest of Hiawatha and Degonawidah survives among the Iroquois and in the heritage of the American people. The Iroquois federation can be compared to the federalist place because they # 8217 ; re really similar with the exclusion of the one thing. The Iroquois were divided into five states: the Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, Oneida, and the Cayuga. Each state had its ain opinion council. The Mohawks Lords were the caputs and the leaders of the five state # 8217 ; s Confederacy. The Mohawk Lords were besides the substrate of the Great Peace. In footings of their cheques and balances system, the Iroquois people designed a system where no 1 in their authorities will keep excessively much power. The Mohawk Council was divided into three parties to guarantee that each of their powers were non abused or taken advantage of by any of the members. The first party was Ayonhwhatah and Shadekaeiwade, the 2nd party was Sharenhowaneh and Deyoenhegwenh and the 3rd party consist of Dehennakrineh, Aghstawenserethah and Shoskoharowaneh. The duty of the 3rd party was to listen to the determinations of the first and 2nd party. If for some grounds there are mistakes within the determination the instance will so be taken to the Seneca Lord. Each Iroquois state ran its internal personal businesss with a council of elected delegates. They besides sent their delegates to a expansive council, and they ran personal businesss among states. This was a pure Federalist system. Unlike the Federalist, the Iroquois had one legislative system. Bing the scholarly people the Iroquois were, enabled them to manage their issues in a alone mode. A instance of extreme importance prompted the assemblage of the associate assembly underneath the # 8220 ; Tree of Long Leaves. # 8221 ; Womans played a really of import portion in the Iroquois life. When a adult male of Iroquois descent married a adult female, he would travel in with his married woman and her household. Womans owned all the belongings in the long house, and they were in charge of seting and reaping. Even though these adult females had their family jobs to execute, they were held in high respects by the work forces. Iroquois adult females had political power ; they were responsible for taking the work forces that served on the council. Iroquois adult females had a batch of autonomy. The power the Iroquois adult females held enabled them to impeach. Merely a adult female was able to replace an impeached leader. Basically, the formation of the United States was influenced by Iroquois political and philosophical traditions. The thoughts of freedom and equality stimulated and so transformed and transplanted. Europeans, who came to American dirt, were receptive to such constructs because they had in one manner or another repudiated to a grade, the values of the female parent state. Military Iroquois made a part to the formation of the Untied States. Although divided on the issue of American independency, their schemes about frontier combat shaped the head of the youthful, every bit good as the mature, George Washington. Even after the revolution the Iroquois continued to play a cardinal function in forming of the political establishment of America every bit good as the universe. The ideals of the Iroquois Confederacy serve as basis for democratic societies and as an inspiration to the peoples of the universe. In a really existent sense, the bequest of the Revolution was ( and is ) a negative 1 for the Iroquois. Deprived of their land divided on distant reserves in Canada and the United States, the Iroquois had small to joy approximately in the initiation of the United States. The tribal liberty and the followers of the old ways were to be frowned upon by a new authorities. if there was a promise of freedom for the Indians during the American revolution, n it was rapidly discarded for speedy land acquisitions on order to function the involvements of the ungratified white backwoodsmans. Working the legal constructions of the United States every bit good as through demonstrative activities, the Iroquois states are seeking to recover some of their land and protest their rights. They are people with enormous sense of endurance and interior strength. Their continuity as a feasible and cohesive civilization is a memorial to human values that have intending in malice of persecution and licking, by a military strong civilization. The conference of the Iroquois lives on a testimony to freedom, for all that attention to analyze it. Its spirit endures as a vision and a good for improvement of world. Mentions ? Lathom, Earl: The Declaration of Independence and the fundamental law. Revised Edition- Copyright 1956 ? www.law.ou.edu/hist/iroquois.html ? Guide Jr. , Donald A: The Iroquois and the initiation of the American Nation. Copyright 1977 ? Morgan, Henry Lewis: League of the Iroquois ? The American Journey ? Lathom, Earl: The Declaration of Independence and the fundamental law. Revised Edition- Copyright 1956 ? www.law.ou.edu/hist/iroquois.html ? Guide Jr. , Donald A: The Iroquois and the initiation of the American Nation. Copyright 1977 ? Morgan, Henry Lewis: League of the Iroquois ? The American Journey

Barton Case Study

Barton Case Study Assessment of the Financial Position and Performance of the Barton Firm In order to assess the financial position and financial performance of the Barton engine business, it is important to consider carefully the ratio analysis of the company, as it assists comparisons, simplifies financial-statement, aids the top-management to recognize whether the business’s financial position is enhancing or worsening by showing a yearly-trend, evaluates the long-term financial aptitude, and operating efficiency.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Barton Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To conduct the ratio analysis of this firm, the focus should be on analyzing total current ratio, gross profit margin, net profit margin, and quick ratio or asset test ratio for three years (1999, 2000, and 2001), and compare between these ratios in order to come into a conclusion about Barton firm’s financial situation. Rati o Analysis for the Barton Firm Total Current Ratio (Total Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities) Total Current Ratio 1999 2000 2001 24297 / 16711 23255 / 16232 24159 / 15338 1.454 1.433 1.575 Table 1: Total Current Ratio for Three Financial Years of Barton Engine Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study Current ratio is a common and quick evaluation of liquidity of Barton firm, as it shows the margin of safety or cushion accessible to the creditors; moreover, it is an index for Barton’s financial stability and practical solvency and a directory of the strength of its working capital. As shown in the table 1, from 1999 to 2000, there has been a slow increase in the current ratio of Barton (1.454 in 1999, 1.433 in 2000, and 1.575 in 2001). As this kind of rise in the ratio demonstrates the enhancement of the liquidity position of the business, it is notable that the liquidity position of Barton had a slow development over these three years. On th e other hand, if there was a decline in the current ratio, it was quite natural that the liquidity position of the business has worsened with time and that it should improve in order to have better position.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gross Profit Margin (Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit / Revenue from Sales X 100) Gross Profit Margin 1999 2000 2001 26438 / 125950 x 100 24350 / 118175 x 100 21130 / 110000 x 100 20.991% 20.605% 19.209% Table 2: Gross Profit Margin for Three Financial Years of Barton Engine Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study The gross profit margin is the proportion of the turnover, which a business preserves following the direct-expenses linked to generating the materials traded throughout a certain period; moreover, a rising profit margin means that the firm has good pricing strategy (it is able to lift prices with sm all or no effect on sales) or that it possess a rising productivity. However, as illustrated in table 2, there has been a substantial decrease in the gross profit margin from 1999 to 2000, which were consecutively 20.991%, 20.605%, and 19.209% decreasing margin could indicate that variable costs have risen while selling price has remained constant; it could also mean that Barton has cut prices to make an augmentation in sales. Net Profit Margin (Net Profit Margin = Net Profit / Revenue from Sales X 100) Net Profit Margin 1999 2000 2001 271 / 125950 x 100 236 / 118175 x 100 1855 / 110000 x 100 0.216% 0.199% 1.69% Table 3: Net Profit Margin for Three Financial Years of Barton EngineAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on Barton Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study High net profit margin ratio shows how successful the firm is at changing sales into profit, and that the firm is capitalizing on some competitive-advantage, which can give it some additional capability and suppleness throughout the difficult financial periods; conversely, low net margin means the firm is not generating enough sales or it is not keeping your operating-expenses under control. Throughout 1999, 2000, and 2001, it is notable that the net profit margin has decreased so much that it took on a negative figure (0.216% in 1999, 0.199% in 2000, and 1.69% 2001). Such a decline in the net profit margin ratio throughout the three stated financial years might point out cost binges, which necessitate competence development; the Barton firm, having a low ratio, might need to take on debt to pay its expenses. Quick Ratio or Asset Test Ratio (Quick Ratio (Asset Test Ratio) = (Current Assets-Inventory) / Current Liabilities) Quick Ratio (Asset Test Ratio) 1999 2000 2001 (24297 8228) / 16711 (23255 8066) / 16232 (24159 11683) / 15338 0.962 0.936 0.813 Table 4 : Quick Ratio (Asset Test Ratio) for Three Financial Years of Barton Engine Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study Asset test ratio would decline while cash or accounts obtainable balances reduce, devoid of an equivalent diminish in current liabilities, or boost in a current liability devoid of an equivalent boost in cash or accounts obtainable (for example, cash spent to buy fixed assets, cash spent to give off a long term debt, or cash spent to disburse dividends).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1999, 2000, and 2001, the asset test ratio diminished respectively by 0.962, 0.936, and 0.813, which shows Barton had a small liquidity ratio demonstrating that the firms liquidity position has needed further amplification. Suggestions for Ms. Payne Regarding the Financial Situation It is very important for Ms. Payne to provide a closer observation to improve the gross profit margin. This is achievable by two ways, either by augmenting the sales revenue when keeping the cost of sales the same, or by lowering the cost of sales, when upholding the same level of sales revenue. It is essential to note that Barton firm had an increase in its current ratio throughout the three years. However, in order to further enhance its current ratio and liquidity position, Ms. Payne should try to bring more cash into the balance sheet either by selling the under used assets, increasing loan capital and long term borrowings, or postponing intended investments. Moreover, the chief financial officer should also focus on raising the gross profit, or lowering the expenses and overheads. This will develop Barton’s net profit, which in turn will help it to enhance the net profit margin. According to table 4, the quick ratio or asset test ratio of the Barton firm has lowered constantly in 1999, 2000, and 2001. In order to enhance Barton’s asset test ratio, Ms. Payne should focus on two things, firstly, operate at increasing sales from the existing asset base, and secondly, sell of under utilized assets profitably, so that the sales figure has divided by a lower asset total. SWOT Analysis of Barton Engine Works Co Figure 1: SWOT Analysis of Barton Engine Works Co Source: self generated Strengths The internal strengths of Barton Engine are its glorious history, brand image, human resources, and performance of few departments, customer vase in the US market, and so on. Brand Awareness: Barton Engine Works Co had strong brand awareness for its consumer oriented five ho rsepower engine market; Employees: this company was the largest employer of the Barton County and it had more than 400 employees; Performance: According to the Barton Case Study, Earl and his engineering department’s little customer engine business is doing well. In addition, Earl stated that there is no immediate risk of losing the customer â€Å"Mulch Co† and 164 licensed dealers have doubled their purchase order from Barton Engine; Corporate Social Responsibility: Barton Engine has a significant level of budgetary involvement for its CSR1 policy and practice, for instance, the company provides scholarship to the children of the employees and talented students, send Christmas cards to the employees, and take care them; Customer Base: The strong base of loyal customers helped the company to continue its business and to compete with Japanese manufactures; Long Experience: Barton Engine Works Co has long experience to carry on its business with remarkable footprint in the US market. Weaknesses Besides strong points, Barton Engine has many weaknesses, such as Leadership: Once upon a time, this company was reputed for the financial strengths as predecessors were built a well-respected, $110 million company. However, the unfortunate death of William and his son by commuter plane crash created leadership gap though Ms. Payne is enough competent person to control the company as she has practical experience with high educational background; Decrease Market Share: The market share of Barton had decreased dramatically from 1985, for instance, it had at least 37% of consumer oriented five horsepower auto market in 1885 but it was only 4% in 2001, which indicates that 70% of total sales had down within last 15 years. In addition, its industrial market share had also dropped to 19%; Barton Engine Design: Integration of modern technology is an important factor in order to meet the demand of the products and create new fields of business operation but this company was not concentrated this issue. According to the case study, this company has been captured a significant market share 50 years ago when the owner of this company was designed high-tech model but the successors of the owner ignored this issue and lost market share; Operating costs: it was not possible for the management to reduce operating costs, and in 2001, its engineering, selling and administrative costs were $22,188,000; Financial position: This company has experienced huge financial problems as its net operating profits have decreased dramatically, for instance, its net income was 2065 thousands in 1999 where as it was (1058) thousands in 2001. Opportunities Key opportunities of the company have discussed below Market Demand: The top-level management of the company believed that they have strong customer base because still customers seek Barton Engine though Japanese manufactures sale few more engines in the US market. According to the Barton Case Study, this comp any has also largest market share, which indicates that it has huge opportunity to increase customer demand in the US market by restructuring and implementing new strategies; Increase Market Share: Most of the countries of the world are now member of WTO, which gives the scope to the company to enter new market by adopting suitable entry mode strategies to increase market share; Joint Venture: As many customer intended to purchase Barton Engines, it has the opportunity to joint venture with renowned companies to share technology of the partners, assets, manpower and so on; Divestiture Strategy: According to the Barton Case Study, the performance of few subsidiaries was not stable to carry on the business. As a result, the management of this company has opportunity to adopt divestiture strategy to concentrate on the core business or profitable units; Diversification: This Company has opportunity to diversify its product range both vertically and horizontally to attract the customer. Threats As per the case study, major threats for the company’s were Competitors: Japanese competitors were main problem for the company because Barton lost the market share and its glorious position due to strong presence of the Japanese products, for instance, in 1985, Japanese had only 6% and 2% share of consumer oriented five horsepower and ten horsepower auto market accordingly but it is now market leader of this sector. On the other hand, Japanese manufactures offered technologically advance products and designed new models over time; Decision-Making process: Taking right decision in proper time is one of the most important factors for the development of the company. However, the company may become insolvent due to undertake inappropriate steps; Conflicts between directors: Williams intended to carry out the business with old equipment, as he was spent huge fund for purchasing new products in 1978. On the other hand, the son of William was interested to purchase new m achine to develop quality of the products and increase efficiency of the employees. However, Williams argued that it should require more than $100 million to purchase new equipments, and need sufficient fund to train employees, so, this conflicts between directors had influenced to decrease the performance in the US market; Sales Report: The marketers scrutinised the sales data of profitable units and found that the earnings from 10-horsepower engine would decreased by 75% within the next fiscal year. Recommendation Ms. Payne should increase budget for promotional activities as it can increase customer base and market share; Moreover, she should decrease production costs by purchasing few machine and repairing old machine as the customers never compromise with the quality of the products; To reduce operating costs, the company should recruit efficient and low cost employees from South Asian countries like Bangladesh, India, and China; In addition, Ms. Payne should compare the perf ormance of all subsidiaries and sale the non profitable units to concentrate on the core business; She should try to work as a team to develop the performance of the employees; Ms. Payne should review the performance of the competitors to take decisions; She should consider the opinion of the top management and employees; However, Ms. Payne should restructure the pricing strategy in order to compete with the Japanese engine manufacturing companies. Suggestions about the 10-Horsepower Engine According to the Barton Case Study, in 1985, Barton had 21% share in consumer oriented 10-horsepower engine market whereas Japanese had captured only 2% market share. The US customers of generators, pumps and compressors were relied on Barton’s products for its quality and design, but Mr. William never upgraded the design and technology of 10-horsepower engine. As a result, this company failed to retain their glorious position and Japanese manufactures captured major portion of market sha re though some dealers of Barton is doing well and they have created a loyal customer base. Therefore, besides of upgrading the design of the engine, Barton firm should undertake the strategies suggested below. Suggestions 1: Formulating Pricing Strategy Assessment of the Strategy Appraisal Methods Evaluation Criteria Creates brand recognition This strategy will develop Barton’s brand image by creating a preference amongst the consumers for the 10-horsepower engine. Supports the vision Throughout 1999, 2000, and 2001, its sales have lowered significantly. In these circumstances, the position of the company can be improved by following a pricing strategy that will add a little mark-up after the cost of production. High price may cause declining sales. Utilize core competency Barton would need long time to regain its position if it does not consider this strategy as its key competency. Rivalry As other competitors ask lower price to capture the market, Barton shoul d hit the market by restructuring their pricing policy Constructs uniqueness and differentiation This will differentiate the 10-horsepower engine Generates loyal consumer base A large group of customer will become loyal for low prices, as because of the aftershock of the global financial crisis, the purchasing power of the consumers have reduced. Moreover, a larger consumer base will in turn enhance Barton’s market share. Financial hazards The strategy may initially mean quite low profits Short and long-term growth rate In long-term, the growth rate of Barton will increase Thinking customer first This strategy meet the criteria of considering the customer first Extent of Flexibility Cost Leadership is the effective strategy for future sustainability Suggestions 2: Undertaking Joint Venture Strategy Assessment of the Strategy Appraisal Methods Evaluation Criteria Creates brand recognition By this strategy, Barton will try to rebuild and renovate the techn ology of the 10-horsepower engine with the help of the firm it will join with; in long run, this will increase its brand recognition Supports the vision This strategy will support Barton to enhance the 10-horsepower engine and regain its recognition, which is one of its visions. Utilize core competency If successfully renovated, the 10-horsepower engine can be Barton’s core competency Rivalry Reduce competition between other player Constructs uniqueness and differentiation It will differentiate the engine as it would develop with the help of expert jointly from 2 different firms. In addition, the hard work, experience, human resources, capital, finances, skills, and adaptability of 2 different firms may mean that the outcome of the joint venture is successful. Generates loyal consumer base Enhanced functionality of the 10-horsepower engine ensures the creation loyal customer base. Financial hazards In case of joint venture, it has minimal start up costs, and few o verhead Short and long-term growth rate It offers large potential growth in the long-term in some cases. Thinking customer first This strategy has designed with think the company first Extent of Flexibility It limits its adaptability Footnotes 1 Corporate Social Responsibility

The Influence of Teachers Words and Actions

The Influence of Teachers' Words and Actions Teachers can have a huge influence on their students.  This goes much deeper than the lessons they teach. You only have to reflect on your own time in school to realize how positive or negative experiences can stick with you for the rest of your life. Educators need to remember that they hold great power over students in their hands. Words Can Uplift By encouraging a struggling student and explaining how she can be successful, a teacher  can change that student’s career. A perfect example of this happened to my niece. She had moved recently and began attending a new school in ninth grade. She struggled through most of her first semester, earning D’s and F’s. However, she had one teacher who saw that she was smart and just needed some extra help. Amazingly, this teacher spoke to her only once. He explained that the difference between earning an F or a C would require just a bit of extra effort on her part. He promised that if she spent just 15 minutes a day on homework, she would see a huge improvement. Most importantly, he told her that he knew she could do it. The effect was like flicking a switch. She became a straight-A student and to this day loves learning and reading. Words Can Harm By contrast, teachers can make subtle comments intended to be positive but are actually hurtful. For example, one of my best friends in school took  AP classes. She always earned B’s and never stood out in class. However, when she took her AP English test, she scored a 5, the highest possible mark. She also earned 4’s on two other AP exams. When she returned to school after the summer break, one of her teachers saw her in the hall and told her that she was shocked that my friend had earned such a high score. The teacher even told my friend that she had underestimated her. While at first my friend was delighted with the praise, she said that after some reflection, she was annoyed that her teacher didn’t see how hard she had worked or that she excelled in AP English. Years later, my friend now an adult says she still feels hurt when she thinks about the incident. This teacher likely only meant to praise my friend, but this faint praise led to hurt feelings decades after this brief hallway discussion. The Donkey Something as simple as role-playing can bruise a students ego, sometimes for life. For example, one of my students spoke of a former teacher she really liked and admired. Yet, she recalled a lesson he presented that really upset her. The class was discussing the barter system. The teacher gave each student a role: One student was a farmer and the other was the farmer’s wheat. The farmer then traded his wheat to another farmer in exchange for a donkey. My students role was to be the farmer’s donkey. She knew that the teacher simply picked kids at random and assigned them roles. Yet, she said that for years after the lesson, she always felt that the teacher had picked her as a donkey because she was overweight and ugly. Words Stick With Students The example illustrates that a teachers words can really stick with students for their entire lives. I know that I have tried to be more careful with what I tell students each day. I’m not perfect, but I hope that I am more thoughtful and less damaging to my students in the long run.

The personal income and wealth levels in the United Kingdom Essay

The personal income and wealth levels in the United Kingdom - Essay Example The issue of personal incomes and wealth have gained centre focus especially in the aftermath of the global economic crisis that highlighted unethical practices in use by top business executives. This report will try to explore these claims in light of statistical data so that these claims can be substantiated with a solid background. Monitoring personal income and wealth levels is necessary around the world in order to classify the income disparity between the top and bottom earners in society. This also helps to define the local poverty indices as it provides the amount of people living below the poverty line. The wealth of a country can also be defined using a detailed measure of personal incomes and wealth because such a measure is better than using the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita which is seen as rough measure only. A number of different methods are usually utilised in order to describe personal income and wealth including: Individual incomes before tax; Income distr ibution as per age classifications; Income distribution as per regions; Income distribution as per job types; Post tax household income; Wealth levels; Sources of income. A number of other measures may also be specified such as the disposable income depending on the statistical availability of such data. However, such measures are generally more supported in the North American domain which is unlike current practice in the European domain. Given that this report will be concerned with personal income and wealth levels in the United Kingdom, so data extraction and statistical classification will be limited to its geographic domains. By presenting the statistical objects of personal income and wealth related above, this report will try to classify the level of poverty and income disparity in the United Kingdom. 3. Data Collection Methodology A number of different sources offer information relating to personal income and wealth levels but most of these sources are unreliable. In the Un ited Kingdom, the real sources to extract such information are the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HRMC). These sources derive information from tax collection levels as well as other estimates and measurements which tend to lend them an air of credibility that is unchallengeable. For the purposes of this report the information that has been collected, analysed and displayed has been derived solely from ONS and HRMC. This information is freely available online on the official portals of both official websites. Furthermore, this information is presented in these domains with appropriate noise removal and smoothing which tends to enhance the quality of data being employed. Information relating to personal income and wealth is extensive making it hard to classify and manipulate so data extraction has been limited to the post 1990 period alone. The global economic crisis lies in the wake of the early twenty first century ensuring that th e information extracted is relevant and appropriate. 4. Data Presentation When the United Kingdom is compared to other nations, it becomes clear that the United Kingdom is a wealthy country. Within the United Kingdom there are no people who live on less than four pounds a day worth of income. The global poverty line was used at $1 per day (Sachs, 2005) which was revised in 2008 by the World Bank which raised its level to $1.25 per day (Ravallion et al., 2009). When these figures are compared to each other it becomes

Finance Policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Finance Policy - Assignment Example A business’s financial position is evident from its profit and loss account and the balance sheet. The balance sheet and the profit and loss statement should communicate the appropriate results of the firm to the CEO so that he can make decisions regarding investment. The financial statements of the firm should be made available to all so that they can make their own conclusions from the financial statements with respect to the operations in the firm. It is very important that the financial information provided must be reliable and authentic. The primary objective of my role as CFO is to interpret the firm’s accounts accurately and identify which of the investment methods could benefit the firm in the long as well as the short run. This could be achieved by making appropriate review of the financial statements as well as developing accurate interpretations. This is supposed to benefit the firm and its stakeholders. b) The company can use concise financial report, which consists of Consolidated Income Statement, Statement of Comprehensive Income, Balance Sheet, and Statement of Changes in Equity, Statement of Cash Flows so that all the third party investors and stakeholders could evaluate the firm’s business. ... The taxation requirements of the government should be met with appropriate heads showing profits before tax and profits after tax. Similarly the employees can get an idea about the functioning of the firm by analyzing the financial statements. The creditors and debtors value in the balance sheet along with the bad debts gives a clear understanding about the total debtors and creditors of the firm. The shareholders can understand the way the firm is functioning through the payment of dividends and the return on equity, which is projected in the financial statements. Question 2 a) High dividend policy to the shareholders signifies that the firm is earning high profits and, thus, is paying high dividend to its shareholders. This creates anticipation among the shareholders that the firm will pay them a higher amount of dividend in the next financial year. High dividend also signifies that the portion of debt capital in the firm in comparison to its equity capital is less, which implies t hat the firm has its own financial stability. b) If there are negative profits in the firm then the firm will pay a lesser amount of dividend. If the firm chooses to retain a high portion of its earnings for investment activities, even then the dividend payment will be less. c) High dividend payouts are popular and well appreciated by all the shareholders. But the problem that arises here is that if the firm earns high profits and provides high dividend to its investors in one year and in the next financial year its profit is less comparatively and so it fails to pay high dividends, then the shareholders will be unhappy with the firm. This will affect the bond and relation they have with the firm. As the shareholders are the primary investors in the

Why women should choose to reintegrate into a society

Why women should choose to reintegrate into a society This major question raised in 2006 is perhaps one of the foremost concerns of Pat Carlens feminist support. Strongly opposed to women in prison state of affairs, she is widely regarded as one of the worlds leading experts on crime, gender and punishment.  [i]   Carlen has put through career as a Professor of Sociology at Bath University  [ii]  and before was an Honorary Professor of Criminology of Keele where she was founded and was Head of the Department of Criminology as well as visiting Professor of Criminology at Westminster University, London. In addition to the above she was a member of both the Commissioning Panel and the Steering Committee of the ESRC Crime and Social Order Programme 1992-1997. Moreover, she is a founder member of the campaigning group Women in Prison created in1983. The group consisted of the first step to a long term and unfinished attempt to reduce number and theorize and balance specific needs of female prisons  [iii]  . Pat Carlen is a leading scholar in the area of women and punishment. In 1997 she was awarded the Sellin-Glueck Prize by the American Society of Criminology for outstanding international contributions to the domain  [iv]  . Carlen devoted her life in researching a wide range of criminological issues; however, she compassionately focused on analysing the penal control of women and matters surrounding their imprisonment. She found her inspiration in the unfair and striking features of womens imprisonment determination  [v]  . True to her beliefs she illustrated the path towards the considerations for the abolition of womens imprisonment. In formulating her ideas she discussed some of prisons abolitions traditional and contemporary enemies after researching and interviewing people in the sector  [vi]  . Adrion Howe argues that the work of Pat Carlen have commenced a process which will eventually fundamentally transform critical analyses of punishment regimes. However, processes in this direction have been slow and the work of Carlen on insisting that women prisoners be handled as a subject worth of study and change was exemplary  [vii]  . In 1983 Carlen wrote a book, Womens Imprisonment, about Cornton Vale, Scotlands only prison for women. She did the research and as she said wrote the book as one off without expecting to do any further research on prisons. What really changed her mind was her meeting later in 1983 with an ex-prisoner, Chris Tchaicowsky, who at the time was the founder member of Women in Prison leading campaigns for women still locked up in prisons. She invited Carlen to join after reading her book. The task of the group was to raise public awareness of women in prisons via many ways. Carlen mostly helped in writing books and articles, helping the campaigning group to be born  [viii]  . Classicists like Emile Durkheim approach the issue believing that the function of punishment is the promotion of social harmony with the exclusion of deviant persons from society and the transfer of moral identity to society. Womens Imprisonment is, nowadays, characterised by discontinuities, contradictions, fragmentation and transformation. Modern approaches rooted to crime reduction. Carlen in Analyzing Womens Imprisonment raised the question as to whether crime reduction will be achieved by increased use of imprisonment. Her approach on that issue was that sending a wrongdoer to prison may aggravate rather than ameliorate the psychological, economic and social factors which purpose woman to criminal activity  [ix]  . A radical prison critic is that it was never used for punishment of all serious crimes but also to storehouse the poor, unemployed and mentally ill. In 1981, Carlen leaded a survey and questioned Scottish magistrates and judges about womens imprisonment, receiving replies determining the reasons why a woman would go to prison. The answers consisted of whether she was a good mother, how ordered her life was, if she has a husband, if she has any children, whether she has abandoned her husband or her children are already in Care or if she was battered. Women like that are more likely to be sent to prison. However, these myths along with many other stereotypes about women offenders has had bad effects on prison regimes,  [x]  resulting to prejudice on sentence over women of the above categories  [xi]  . British Justice is supposed to be not only gender-neutral but also colour blind  [xii]  . Yet, this is not true when it comes to women imprisonment. People awarding sentence are more likely to convict women from ethnic minorities or young women. Thus, is racism the key to increase of female prison population? Early reformers such as John Howard and Elizabeth Fry attempted to campaign for the segregation of female from male prisoners  [xiii]  and different prison regimes for women but at the end the results of their efforts were not satisfactory. Pat Carlen continues on the same path in order to ameliorate the conditions that surround womens imprisonment in nowadays. Is it fair to start imprisonment reduction with women? A very small amount of violent crime is committed by women and females commit crime in very different circumstances to men. Carlens investigation showed that women mostly commit crime in relation to drugs, fraud or theft. The majority of British women prisoners have not been goaled because of the seriousness of their crimes but because of their abnormal domestic circumstances or less than conventional life styles. A strong argument over womens imprisonment consist the failure of the non-penal welfare or health institutions to cope with their problems. Prisons are the only places that cannot refuse to take those women for whom neither the health nor the welfare services will take responsibility even if they had committed the most minor crime. As prison officers informed Carlen in her research, prisons are not equipped to cope with the problems from which every other agency is copping out. This leads to the increase of the prison population. Between the years 1993-2001 the population i ncreased by over 145 %  [xiv]  . In the previous ten years the women population in prisons doubled and male increased by approximately 50%. Additionally, women prisoners tend to be isolated from their families imposing significant pain of imprisonment with the loss of their role as mothers. Furthermore, women generally are badly treated by the officers and the prison staff, when it comes to gynecological requirements (handcuffed in labor and during transfer or treatment to hospital, drug virginal inspections). In addition, one of the prisons roles is to help prisoners to cope with the new life they will come across after release, nevertheless only few rehabilitation regimes exist. An ex-prisoner told Carlen that in order to keep them out (criminals) we should give them something outside. Otherwise, a life of surviving in there seems preferable to life out here where there is just nothing  [xv]  . Clive Soley agreed with Carlens findings and added that if society actually wants to improve the situation, must set as its priority the preparation for release  [xvi]  . Pat Carlen admits that womens crime is less serious and not threatening to the public even after their release from prison, as well as the fact that only few prison escapes have occurred involving women and it is not unusual for most of them to voluntarily return to face their punishment  [xvii]  . After making a lot of research and analysing the circumstances under women get to live with in prisons has come to the conclusion that prison is not only damaging during the course of sentence, but once coming out it has other problems as well. Her research and findings made her develop the idea discovering possible alternatives. Pat Carlen, points out that the main cause of the crime is the relationship between the offender and the community and believes that the only cure also lies in the same relationship  [xviii]  . Alternatives to imprisonments should include any program of intervention likely to deter someone from future criminal activity. She continues to strongly analyse th e possible future alternatives as her main contribution. Harris, a commentator, came to add to Carlens thought of alternatives by pointing out that part of the problem is that it is unclear what the better treatment of women actually means  [xix]  . This is true as there are no gender specific sentences. Carlen also considered whether reform or abolition of womens imprisonment would be appropriate. As the main intention of her book Sledgehammer she argues that womens imprisonment in England and Wales at the end of the 20th century is excessively punitive; totally inappropriate to the needs of the women being sent to prison; and is ready for abolition in its present form. However, she came to argue that reform might be impossible to achieve and will always lead to the abandonment of imprisonment as punishment for minor offences. Eventually, is better to do something than nothing. Prison is to punish and within that context all reforms had to be thought  [xx]  . In 1997, Carlen gave some politico-philosophical justifications for imprisonment in order to clear up the primary aims it should have. However, the following no longer apply. She starts stating that the government has an obligation to wipe state clean making wrongdoers pay for their offences in applying the eye for an eye philosophy. Additionally, she expressed that prisons can be used to improve peoples characters and teach them useful and new skills that could be helpful to lead new lives according to the law after their release. Imprisonment also can be said to prevent criminals to recommit a crime in the future on top of deterring others tempted to commit a crime. In this manner crime rates lower and public is protected  [xxi]  . Carlen proposes an idea for a more productive reduction of the female population. In her point of view sentencers should be required to justify to a Sentencing Council all custodial sentences and remand of who appropriate the offence was in relation to the offender in addition to any pre existing criteria for the award after their examination. Other requirements are for sentencers to state what they hope to achieve by the custodial sentence awarded and finally to make the calculations of what the total costs are likely to be. The aim behind her proposition is to make courts to think twice before sending someone into prison as they should publicize what they are doing  [xxii]  . Moreover, there is still the need for gender-tested and ethnicity-tested regimes that will ensure that some groups do not have a greater impact. Other ways that reduction of population can be achieved is if the society took certain measures to battle poverty and inequality as well as diminishing sexism and racism that result in discriminating sentencing  [xxiii]  . After considering the situation of the day the criminologist saw three possible future scenarios governing womens imprisonment in Britain. Firstly, more of the same circumstances, however, getting worse as the female prison population will rise. The second scenario involves less of the same other than with more experimentation with progressive projects resulting to changeable number on womens population. The last scenario that she encounters is the reduction on womens imprisonment. This scenario contains close regulations for the womens law breaking actions leading to the abolishment of the situation as it was known until then  [xxiv]  . She supported the view of abolishing womens imprisonment for an experimental period of 5 years. For that period of time imprisonment should not be considered as one of the normal punishment for women and that a maximum of only 100 custodial places should be retained for female offenders convicted of abnormally serious offences. If accused so, the y should only be imprisoned after their case was referred by a trial judge to a Sentencing Council who would make the final adjudication. Moreover, her proposition involved undertaking of fund and far-reaching examination of all sentencing. Her proposal for abolition was greeted with a certain amount of skepticism. One radio interviewer asked if male burglars should retire knowing that their wives or girlfriends could carry on the business with impunity. This is clearly ironical; however, is it entirely a false approach? As a Senior Official in the Home Office added to Carlens proposition; What we want is smaller open prisons in the community and in an urban context. Over this point, the courts support an anti-feminist approach; if you women wanted equality, youve got to take it  [xxv]  . The criminologists, Deborah Baskin and Ira Sommers, acceptably, point out that Carlen does not explain how womens criminal careers are circumscribed specifically by gender  [xxvi]  . Furthermore, they add that she does not distinguish the gender specific ways in which women are exploited and controlled by familialism and consumerism. Baskin and Sommers also argue that Carlens repetition of the timeworn and functionalist rhetori c that only women experience dual exploitation in the public and private spheres adds little to the analysis. On the other hand, they furthermore continue to disagree that Carlen fails to see that working class men also have to make class gender deals which include being regulated within family. Briefly, Carlens analysis does not address the precise ways in which social reactions are gender specific and thus affect womens lives differently from mens  [xxvii]  . Pat Carlen characterise herself as not a prison abolitionist in the sense that she can easily envisage a time when it will not be considered necessary to have prisons and lock up certain offenders as a matter of public safety  [xxviii]  . Abolition is not a thread to the public. The whole situation leaves the state with the choice to continuingly misuse millions of pounds on prisons or taking daring steps to stop legislators and sentencers seeing prison as being the absolute panacea for all political and social ills and instead consider it as an abnormal and unusual punishement  [xxix]  . Joe Sim added to the abolition argument that abolitionists ideas should not be dismissed as idealistic and utopian but rather should be understood  [xxx]  . In the 1990s Carlen thought of some further developments including educational initiatives, personal officer scheme, introduction of sentence planning, opening up prisons. Nonetheless, many of these already exist only in name on pape r or defunct  [xxxi]  . In 2006 she returned to the argument of abolition and noted that abolitionists have a number of enemies, and populist politicians are the greatest. Women imprisonment should be abolished as an experiment that will later follow in being applied to men as well. It started its test on women as they are considered to have non-threatening criminal profiles  [xxxii]  . Even if researches have taken place, nowadays, womens imprisonment involves as many inhumanities as ever. This occurs as there is a serious lack of attention from research. Carlen emphasized on the differential experiences of criminal justice and criminality encountered by females in comparison to males  [xxxiii]  . She is puzzled to know what more can be done to make changes needed in order for womens imprisonment in 21st century to stop being the disgrace that used to be in the 20th century. During most of the 20th century women in prison tended to be invisible prisoners, the women whom nobody wanted and almost everyone had forgotten. At the beginning of the 21st century the prison is as much a set of all kinds of social production as it has ever been. Although, they still represent a very small proportion of the prison population, there is no rational reason why that proportion should not be even smaller. Instead, it is slowly but surely increasing and this is not a problem be ing limited in England and Wales. The criminologist insisted in her diary that there must be an alternative and that the womens system has no management strategy and no structure to hold on  [xxxiv]  . The best regimes can do is ameliorate the worst effects. Thus, as Worrall also confirmed, crime will be broken by a government honest enough to admit that prison does not work and sufficiently courageous to accept that prison is itself part of crime problem rather than part of the solution  [xxxv]  . All the above ideas can be dragged from the historical idea that prisons make bad people worse  [xxxvi]  . In conclusion, Pat Carlens contribution to criminology was enormous in relation to female offenders and their imprisonment. Her main aim in the sector was to ameliorate the present circumstances affecting womens imprisonment. She devoted her work in researching and interviewing people the area considering prisons in order to find the roots of the problem. This would later make her able to combat the obstacles and reach a more compromising situation. Many found her work inspiring. Nonetheless, others found that it lacks focus on certain areas. Her contribution marked the beginning of slow and steady developments in the field. On the other hand, the study of womens imprisonment has still a long way to go.