Lord of the Flies Coursework

‘The principle characters in the Lord of the flies are like world pioneers that have governed through history’. I concur that the fundamental characters from Lord of the flies are like the world chiefs that have governed through history. There are four primary characters in the film ‘Lord of the Flies’ and they are Jack, Simon, Piggy and Ralph. Every one of these characters have an individual perspective and they all have various characters. Jack is truly tantamount to the world chief called Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler was total abhorrent, all-amazing, distraught, and loathed by others, splendid, profoundly strict and stubborn.Adolf Hitler was a pioneer since he had the option to persuade individuals and cause them to do what he needs them to do. Jack needed to be a pioneer also and after the votes when he wasn’t picked to manage the children he convinced Ralph that he would get him out. Jack thought he was almighty since everybody followed what he sai d. Part of the way through the film Jack was getting undesirable since individuals viewed him as excessively bossy so he utilized he’s aptitudes to persuade individuals that he is the best chief and that he is obviously superior to the pioneer that they picked which was Ralph.I think Jack wasn’t so splendid however he realized how to persuade individuals to trust him and this made him obstinate and intense. He was extremely certain about him self and he was a sure individual. At the point when the children joined his gathering since they had a decision of joining Jack or Ralph they picked Jack and he turned extremely forceful and slaughtered two individuals from the contrary gathering. Jack took his indignation on creatures and different individuals from the plane accident. Piggy helps me to remember Martin Luther King as he needed to change the entire of America to make harmony. Piggy needed to change the individuals that contended and he was steady towards the pionee r Ralph.When Jack was a very pioneer Ralph wasn’t sure what to do to stop him and Piggy helped him and appeared to be extremely strong and well disposed. He was likewise truly guileless and he figured he could trust Ralph by disclosing to him a mystery that individuals used to call him ‘Piggy’ and he never loved him. He asked Ralph not to enlighten anybody however Ralph told everybody concerning it. Piggy continued being extremely decent towards Ralph. Piggy was exceptionally keen and fearless simply like Martin Luther King and he expressed his real thoughts and concocted various thoughts. By: Natalia Jozwiak 10EA

Lum and Abner Essay -- essays research papers fc

Lum and Abner      What is the main thing you consider when you here of the 1930’s, Amos and Andy or what about Lum and Abner? Lum and Abner weren’t truly expected to do anything with their lives; they were simply having a fabulous time attempting to make a big deal about them selves. They got two of the most renowned individuals from Polk and Montgomery provinces: Chet Lauck-Lum, Norris Goff-Abner, and the historical backdrop of Lum and Abner. Chester Lauck was conceived in Alleene, Arkansas, February 2, 1902. (Alleene, Arkansas)(www.mu.net/stemple/page1.htm) His folks were W.J. what's more, Cora Lauck. (Cate, Micheal, 190) Chet moved to Mena in 1911, where he met Norris Goff. They turned out to be awesome companions. Chet lived on Port Arthur Avenue in Mena. His dad claimed the sawmill and was the Union Bank president. Chet went to Mena secondary school. He played baseball, ball, football, and track. He had two more seasoned siblings and one more youthful sister. He moved on from secondary school in 1920. After secondary school, Chet went to the University of Arkansas and got a degree in publicizing. He was the co-proofreader of the University’s humor magazine and was a Razorback team promoter. After the University of Arkansas, he went to learn at Chicago Institute of Fine Arts. (Stucker, Kathryn Moore) In 1926, Chet wedded Harriet Wood. He had three youngsters: Shirley, Nancy, and Chet Jr.      Norris Goff was conceived in Cove, Arkansas, May 30, 1906. (www.me.net/stemple/page1.htm) His folks were Rome and Dora Goff. (Cate, Micheal, 190) He lived on Reine Street. His dad filled in as a discount food merchant. (Williams, Troy, 70) When Norris was in secondary school, he was quarterback for the football crew. He graduated in 1924. He at that point went to the University of Arkansas and the University of Oklahoma. After school he worked at his fathers’ organization. In 1929, Norris wedded Elizabeth Bullion. They had a kid, Gary, and a young lady, Gretchen. (Stucker, Kathryn Moore)      Waters was the name of the town Chet and Norris began in. Waters seemed like a bog so they changed the name of the town to Pine Ridge, as a result of the forested areas and valleys of the Ouachitas. In Pine Ridge there was a sawmill, post office, metalworker shop, gristmill, and other essential administrations to the ranch network. The people group began in the mid 1900’s. Lauck and Goff lived near one another. and... ...ette Tips from Abner Peabody.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www.nidlink. com/~lrcook/lumetiquette.html> (4 Nov. 1999). â€Å"Lum and Abner.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://asms.k12.ar.us./armem/hunker/ lumab.htm> (4 Nov. 1999). â€Å"Lum and Abner.† 1998. On the web. Web. Accessible <http://www.lum-abner.com/> (30 Sept. 1999). â€Å"Lum and Abner.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www.nidlink.com/~lrcook/ lumnabner.html> (1 Nov. 1999). â€Å"National Lum Abner Society home page.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www. mu.net/stemple/page1.htm> (30 Sept. 1999). â€Å"National Lum Abner Society home page.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www. mu.net/stemple/page2.htm> (30 Sept. 1999)  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â€Å"Overview.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://asms.k12.ar.us./armem/croach/ overview.htm> (4 Nov. 1999).

Finding Home Between Fiction And Truth

Finding Home Between Fiction And Truth I don’t know if this is expected of all non-white readers, but in my experience as a South Asian person, I think a lot of people expect me to have readâ€"if not lovedâ€"writers like Jhumpa Lahiri, Arundhati Roy, and Kiran Desai, and more. So, it’s always awkward to admit that you’ve read very little of them, always for a class, and even if youd read them outside of a class it would be a lie to say you loved them. I would never dispute the literary quality of their work or the deep insight with which they construct their stories and characters, but as (yet another) huge change of “Do I get to stay in one place, or move back to a home I barely know despite always calling it ‘home’?” looms over me, I find that fiction like the ones penned by the aforementioned authors feels at once, too much and not enough. I’ve written previously about how fantasy has always been a metaphoric home for me, but lately I’ve been finding joy in contemporary fiction. I thought, perhaps, reading a YA book on similar topics may help me feel a little … “unlost”, shall we say? (I am trying very hard to not use the phrase “find myself” because firstly, I hate that phrase and secondly, I am trying to find something very much external to me.) I decided to try Mitali Perkins’ You Bring the Distant Near but despite the fact that I loved the characters and the manner in which they handled their various struggles, the bookâ€"like the ones I read in school and collegeâ€"felt much too real and yet not at all similar to my own circumstances. Definitely the sign of a good book, just … not what I needed. It was around this time that a friend forwarded an essay from Durga Chew-Bose’s book Too Much and Not the Mood. The essay is called “D as in” and is a thoughtful exploration of the power names hold, when they are unsaid and especially when they are said (correctly). I ended up buying and reading the entire collection of essays. And though Chew-Bose and I have completely different experiences, I realized that non-fictionâ€"a category that in my eyes provides truths that are far more rigid than the ones in fictionâ€"provided whatever intangible thing I keep looking for in stories about immigrants. I also remembered then that Scaachi Koul’s book One Day We’ll All Be Dead and None of This Will Matter is another that touched me in the same way. Even Naben Ruthnum’s collection of essays Curry: Eating, Reading, and Raceâ€"which I love but have so many conflicting opinions onâ€"was a comfort to read. I have always used non-fiction as a way to check off some imaginary checklist. I have to read at least some non-fiction a year. To understand the world around me, to prove that I’m not, in fact, running away from my problems. If I felt homesick, however, Id reach for Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban or, more recently, the Six of Crows duology. It’s nice to know that I have far more options that I had previously realized. It’s nice to know these options won’t make me cry or stay up late with anxiety. It’s nice to have other hands to hold. Now, if you’ll excuse me, Chew-Boses hand is waiting.

The Diversity Audit Project Starbucks - 1406 Words

The purpose of the diversity audit project is to teach students how to analyze and measure diversity efforts of potential employers and as potential customers. In this globalizing world these skills are more important than ever. Many companies are making changes to diversify their employees and their customer base; this project is focused on investigating one company’s efforts. After this project students can expect to have gained a deeper knowledge of how to measure a company’s level of diversity and analyze its effects on both employees and customers. Many people think that Starbucks is just a company that sells coffee. Beginning our diversity audit, that’s what our group thought as well. As we began our research we uncovered a company that we could not have imagined. Starbucks has embraced diversity, and in many ways, is a trailblazer. Starbucks is involved in a plethora of diversity efforts, both in achieving diversity and managing diversity within the ir corporation. Starbucks becomes deeply involved in promoting diversity by creating Partner Networks (â€Å"Diversity and Inclusion†). A partner is an employee of Starbucks, and Partner Networks are support systems created and supported by Starbucks to help their diverse staff feel included and welcome. Partner networks include Starbucks Access Alliance Partnership, which promotes increased accessibility and use of Starbucks facilities for customers and Partners with disabilities (â€Å"Diversity and Inclusion†).Show MoreRelatedStudent Audit Example Starbucks Essay12474 Words   |  50 PagesRunning head: STRATEGIC AUDIT OF STARBUCKS CORP  ® STRATEGIC AUDIT OF STARBUCKS CORPORATION Wilmer Ochoa Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Prof. Dr. Karen Chapman Strategic Management - MGMT 436 October 4, 2014 STRATEGIC AUDIT OF STARBUCKS CORP 1 Table of Contents I - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 II - CURRENT SITUATION 3 Mission statement analysis 6 III - CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Board of Directors IV - EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS 7 8 16 Societal environment 16 Task environmentRead MoreCrisis Communication Plan3162 Words   |  13 PagesCrisis Communication Plan FOR STARBUCKS Submitted By: Janset BatÄ ±bay Submitted To: Joe Goldiamond Date: 15.Nov.2011 In today’s skeptical world, where critics, media and public are cynical about companies, their operations and how authentic they are in being socially responsible, it is almost impossible for organizations to create a 100% good image. In more than half of all the television programs, it is easy to come across with negative portraits of business people. This reality hasRead MoreStarbucks: Internal and External Ethics2818 Words   |  12 Pagesthe internal and external business ethics practiced at Starbucks Corporation. One of the Starbucks guiding principles is â€Å"to contribute positively to communities and environment.† Introduction Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them along with fresh, rich brewed, Italian style espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and coffee-related accessories and equipment. The Starbucks Company established in 1971 in Seattle’s Pike Place marketRead MoreThe Business Management Term Corporate Social Responsibility1998 Words   |  8 PagesBarnes Bill, 1997) In the case of Starbucks, they implemented an aggressive CSR strategy. Their mission statements for employees â€Å"Our Partners we’re called partners, because it’s not just a job, it’s our passion. Together, we embrace diversity to create a place where each of us can be ourselves. We always treat each other with respect and dignity. And we hold each other to that standard.† They have translated their statement by implementing Starbucks one volunteer project at a time, free college and alsoRead MoreStarbusks And Conservation International12350 Words   |  50 Pages9-303-055 REV: MAY 1, 2004 JAMES E. AUSTIN CATE REAVIS Starbucks and Conservation International Aligning self-interest to social responsibility is the most powerful way to sustaining a company’s success. —Orin Smith, President and CEO, Starbucks Coffee Company In mid-2002, the management of Starbucks, the world’s leading specialty coffee company, was examining its collaborative efforts with the environmental nonprofit Conservation International to promote coffee-growing practices that would enhanceRead MoreStarbucks Marketing Audit3536 Words   |  15 PagesMarketing Audit: Starbucks Coffee Shops, Environmental Aspect Section -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The 3 elements for Starbucks Coffee are: I need each element and each question in the element answered (using at least 5 references) This is about Starbucks Coffee Shops and their Environmental Aspect section of a marketing audit. Conclusion. 1) Culture---how have attitudes towards business in general, the industry, and the organization changedRead MoreStarbucks : A Major American Company Essay10168 Words   |  41 PagesHistory Starbucks is a major American company that was founded in 1971 by three college friends in Seattle, Washington. Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker at one time were all of different paths until they learned coffee roasting techniques from coffee entrepreneur, Alfred Peet (Starbucks Timeline, 2016). Alfred taught the three friends his particular style of roasting which ignited a spark in the trio and they were inspired to sell high quality coffee beans and roastingRead MoreStarbucks : A Major American Company Essay10173 Words   |  41 PagesStarbucks is a major American company that was founded in 1971 by three college friends in Seattle, Washington.? Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker at one time were all of different paths until they learned coffee roasting techniques from coffee entrepreneur, Alfred Peet (Starbucks Timeline, 2016).? Alfred taught the three friends his particular style of roasting which ignited a spark in the trio and they were i nspired to sell high quality coffee beans and roasting equipment. They soonRead MoreStarbucks : A Major American Company Essay10122 Words   |  41 PagesHistory Starbucks is a major American company that was founded in 1971 by three college friends in Seattle, Washington.? Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker at one time were all of different paths until they learned coffee roasting techniques from coffee entrepreneur, Alfred Peet (Starbucks Timeline, 2016).? Alfred taught the three friends his particular style of roasting which ignited a spark in the trio and they were inspired to sell high quality coffee beans and roastingRead MoreEssay about Feasibility Study report Starbucks Group15699 Words   |  23 Pagesï » ¿ Feasibility Study Establishment of Starbuck Coffeehouses in Afghanistan Team One Hasibullah Dehzad Sahar Sulaimankhail Fariha Baheer Hamidullah Rafiyi MGT 540, Section 2 Major Assignment Professor Christopher Henderson December 19, 2014 Contents Executive Summery 3 Introduction 4 1 Research Methodology 5 1.1 Statement of the Problem and Significance of the Study 5 1.2 Scope of the study 5 1.3 Objectives of the study 5 1.4 Data collection 5 1.5 Sample 5 1.6 Data Analysis 6 2

What Is Religion Essay - 878 Words

Religion is a hard concept to comprehend. It is showing us a different side to look at our life. Instead of having hard facts that can be physically proven, religion shows us to take a leap of faith and believe the impossible. In The Nature of Existence Charles Messer says: â€Å"Religion is simply a system of actions meant to give you access to God and Heaven. (eternal Life)†. In my faith I am taught that we are created by a higher being; God. That He is omnipotent and he loves all human beings, even if we do not believe in him and follow him. That he sent his only son, to die on the cross for all of us. Other religions may say the opposite: that there is more than one god and that Jesus was not the messiah. Edward and people with†¦show more content†¦People who have a strong faith in what they believe in, and will say that their religion is the true religion. I am one who believes that my religion is the correct. But like Nancy says; I have created my own religion. I discovered my own belief system, by challenging other religions and figuring out what others have to say about their own beliefs. Brother Jed Smock is one who challenges our faith, by going to college campuses and spreading his beliefs onto others. What he talks about at the colleges, causes the students to question and challenge Brother Jed’s beliefs. While asking these questions, the students have to also look at their own beliefs and may question them as well. To truly grasp our religion we need to ask questions and find answers. One of the best ways to do this is to challenge others and to break down the answer they have provided. It strengthens us and takes our beliefs to a whole new level. Believing in something is a way of life. Everyone has some kind of belief system. We can believe that there is a God or believe that there is no God. This is the same as an opinion: we all have opinions on everything no matter what. If no one had an opinion then there would not be discussions or arguments.(Without this progress could not be made) Whether or not we belive in a religion or science or even both, there is a reason why we do. It is a way to explain things we cannot explain (it is a way to ease ourShow MoreRelatedReligion : What Is Religion?2567 Words   |  11 PagesWhat is religion? Remember to advance a claim, make an argument, and support that argument with evidence from our readings. A Way of progress/life goal Primal Religions= Confucianism= To become a Chun Tzu Taoism= To follow the Way and attain or maintain te. ‘‘two great sanctions: the moral requirements visible in nature and the inner conviction of what is right and wrong The eastern religions of Taoism and Confucianism, as well as, the primal religions discussed by Smith are far differentRead MoreReligion : What Is It?902 Words   |  4 PagesReligion: What is it? There are many different religions that people believe in today. When I think of religion I think of a group of people who believe in a god or gods that created the world and determine your faith. There are different forms of theist religions, some of these religions believe in many gods and some only believe in one. That to me was the main part about being religious, is that you had to believe in a god. I never believed or knew that religions could be non-theistic, so I alwaysRead MoreWhat is Religion?1045 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Religion? Religion has many meanings; a way of life, belief, and practices. In America people have different views on religion; it was indicated in the constitution. What is the constitution? The constitution is set of laws approved by the state. Religion and constitution are separate. As stated in the constitution of the United State of America, the first amendment, â€Å"congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.† I n other words the constitution and religion are notRead MoreWhat Is A Religion?1317 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is a religion? A religion is a set of beliefs based on a common principle shared by a community. Some of the most famous religions are Christianity, Buddhism, and Judaism. The goal of Christianity is to be one with God. Key Christianity practices include Sunday service, reading bible, praying regularly, and pilgrimages to hold the community together and have a strong relationship with God. Christians also have a strong devotion to saints. In Buddhism, people practice detachment from everythingRead MoreWhat Is Religion1838 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is Religion? Is religion a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny or is it a system of symbols, myths, doctrines, ethics and rituals for the expression of ultimate relevance (Carmody, 2008). Religion is the human quest for experience of, and response to the holy or sacred and a combination of all individuals desire to attain the promise of a better life than that here on earth, human spirituality. Religion is the voluntary subjection of oneself to God (CatholicRead MoreWhat is Religion?2214 Words   |  9 PagesReligion comes from the Latin word religare which means to â€Å"to tie, to bind.† It is a belief in something sacred which binds a number of people together based on a common purpose. Religion is just not an organization but it is also a platform of seeing the world. It is like a prism which shows different light to different people. India is a country where people of different religion has come and has settled down. There are the fire worship ping Hindus, the Kitabia Muslims and Christians, the minorityRead MoreWhat Is a Religion?585 Words   |  2 Pages A religion is a system of beliefs, collective ideas, traditions, and rituals that serve the purpose of gathering, unifying, educating, and enlightening a group of people by influencing and guiding their insights, thoughts, and ways of life. Religion has been highly influential through the course of human history as a source of influence. A large proportion of people in the world today believe in a religion. Religion is most like a system, or collective structure designed to encourage beliefsRead MoreCulture And Religion : What Is Religion?1758 Words   |  8 PagesCulture and Religion What is Culture? What is Religion? Which predates the other? Are they different from another? Is one a byproduct of another? Or are they one in the same? These fundamental questions will dictate whether people and their beliefs make up the interpretation of their environment or have definitive proof beyond that of a theory, substantiating Religion not just as a social construct of culture, but an absolute for acknowledgement and submission of an individual and more importantlyRead MoreWhat Is Religion? Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is religion? Each person’s definition of religion is different. Each person’s faith is different. This is a question that has been asked for centuries, and regardless of the answer given there is no right or wrong answer. Religion can be defined as a group of people who have shared beliefs who feel their life has purpose or meaning. This feeling or belief that their life has meaning can come from outside of themselves, as well as within. Taking this one step further, these shared beliefsRead MoreWhat Makes A Religion?946 Words   |  4 Pagesare the same. What makes us so similar? Is it that rhythm in our chest? Is it out compassion and love for one another? Is it the desire to create art and feel inspiration? I believe religion is the key to all of these. Even if one don’t follow a religion, they can still admit that there is something spiritual about the likeness of each living, individual soul. Like humans, religions are also vastly similar at their core. Yes, they have many many different qualities and beliefs, but what you look at

History Of Popular Culture Free Essays

In Early Modern Europe festivals were the setting for heroes and their stories, to be celebrated by the populace. They posed a change from their everyday life. In those days people lived in remembrance of one festival and in expectance of the next. We will write a custom essay sample on History Of Popular Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Different kinds of festivals were celebrated in different ways. There were festivals that marked an individual occasion and weren’t part of the festival calendar, like family festivals such as weddings and christenings. Some took place at the same time every year and ere for everyone, like community festivals like the different saints’ days. Pilgrimages took place all year round. Annuals festivals like Christmas and Midsummer always took place on the same day every year. In those days the average village in Western Europe celebrated at least 17 festivals annually, not counting family occasions and saints’ days. Some festivals, such as Carnival, lasted several days or sometimes even several weeks. In the Netherlands Carnival started every year at the 11th of November (St. Martin) and culminated in a big festival of ‘Dranck, pleijsier ende vrouwen’ (Drink, fun and women) at the end of the Carnival eriod, preceding the period of Lent. Festivals were meant to take the minds of the people off their everyday life, off the hard times and their work. Everyday life in Early Modern Europe was filled with rituals, both religious and secular. Songs and stories played an important role in their lives, although they sometimes adjusted the details of the legends and stories to fit the way they thought a certain festival should take place. Popular culture was mixed with ecclesiastical culture in many ways. The story of St. John the Baptist is a good example of this. The ancient ritual f bathing and lighting fires during Midsummer’s Eve was a remnant of a ritual from the pre-Christian period. Fire and water, symbols of purification, could be seen as the tools of St. John the Baptist, and therefore a combination of the two elements of popular and ecclesiastical culture was obvious. It looks as if the Medieval Church took over the festival and made it theirs. The same thing happened to the Midwinter Festival, which became linked with the birth of Christ, on 25 December. There are many more examples to be found, such as the connection between St. Martin and geese caused by the fact that the St. Martins Day (11 November) coincided with the period during which the people used to kill their geese in the period preceding the Christian period. Carnival plays a special role in popular culture in Early Modern Europe. It is a great example of a festival of images and texts. It was a popular festival, taking on different forms in different regions of Europe. Aside from regional variations, these differences were also caused by factors such as the climate, the political situation and the economical situation in an area. On a whole Carnival started in late December or early January and reached ts peak upon approaching Lent. The actual feast, taking place at the end of the festive period, could take days and would usually involve large quantities of food and drinks. The festival took place in the open air in the centre of a town or city. Within a region, the way Carnival was celebrated varied from town to town. The festival was a play, with the streets as a stage and the people as actors and spectators. They often depicted everyday life scenes and made fun of them. Informal events took place throughout the Carnival period. There was massive eating and drinking, as a way of ’stocking up’ for Lent. People sang and danced in the streets, using the special songs of Carnival, and people wore masks and fancy-dress. There was verbal aggression, insults were exchanged and satirical verses were sung. More formally structures events were concentrated in the last days of the Carnival period. These events took places in the central squares and were often organised by clubs or fraternities. The main theme during Carnival was usually ‘The World Upside Down’. Situations got turned around. It was an enactment of the world turned upside down. Men dressed up as women, women dressed up as men, the rich traded places with the poor, etc. There was physical reversal: people standing on their heads, horses going backwards and fishes flying. There was reversal of relationships between man and beast: the horse shoeing the master or the fish eating the fisherman. The other reversal was that of relationships between men: servants giving orders to their masters or men feeding children while their wives worked the fields. Many events centred on the figure of ‘Carnival’, often depicted as a fat man, cheerful and surrounded by food. The figure of ‘Lent’, for contrast, often took the form of a thin, old woman, dressed in black and hung with fish. These depictions varied in form and name in the different regions in Europe. A recurring element was the performance of a play, usually a farce. Mock battles were also a favourite pass-time during the Carnival period. Carnival usually ended with the defeat of ‘Carnival’ by ‘Lent’. This could happen in the form of the mock trial and execution of ‘Carnival’, (Bologna, Italy, 16th century), the beheading of a pig (Venice, Italy), or the burial of a sardine (Madrid, Spain). So what was the meaning of Carnival in Early Modern Europe? Was it merely an excuse for the populace to go crazy or did Carnival have a deeper eaning hidden behind the facade of food, violence and sex? Carnival was a holiday, a game. It was a time of ecstasy and liberation. The form was determined by three major themes: food, sex and violence. It was the time of indulgence, of abundance. It was also a time of intense sexual activity – tables of the seasonal movement of conceptions in 18th century France show a peak around February. Carnival was also a festival of aggression, destruction and desecration. It was the ideal time to insult or pester people who had wronged someone, often in the form of a mock battle of a football match. A time for paying off old grudges. Serious violence was not avoided and in most areas the rates of serious crimes and killings went up during Carnival. It was also a time of opposition, in more than one way. It opposed the ecclesiastical ritual of Lent. Lent was a period of fasting and abstinence of all things enjoyed by the people, not just food and drink but also sex and recreation. The elements that were taken out of life during Lent were emphasised during Carnival. All that was portrayed by the figures of ‘Carnival’ and ‘Lent’ (fat versus thin). Carnival was polysemous, meaning different things to different people in ifferent areas. In different regions, different heroes were celebrated. Sometimes elements were taken over from other regions. Carnival did not have the same importance all over Europe. In the north of Europe (Britain, Scandinavia) it was less important than in the rest of Europe. This was probably partly due to the climate which discouraged an elaborate street festival at that time of the year. In these regions, people preferred to elaborate the festivities during the Midsummer festival (St. John’s Eve). Two reasons for this are the pagan survivals that were stronger in these regions, partly because they were solated from the rest of Europe due to geographical obstacles, causing a lesser ecclesiastical influence, and the climatic situation as mentioned above. Carnival was a festival in extremis, but elements of Carnival can be found in every festival that was celebrated in Early Modern Europe. During the harvest season, all over Europe festivals and rituals were held. The harvest was celebrated, again, with elaborate drinking and eating, although in a more moderate way than the Carnival celebrations. All these festival had one thing in common: they offered the people an escape from their everyday life and a way to express themselves. It offered the people a way to vent their resentments and some form of entertainment. Festivals were an escape from their struggle to earn a living. They were something to look forward to and were a celebration of the community and a display of its ability to put on a good show. It is said that the mocking of outsiders (the neighbouring village or Jews) and animals might be seen as a dramatic expression of community solidarity. Some rituals might be seen as a form of social control, in a sense that it was a means for a community to express their discontent with certain embers of the community (charivari). The ritual of public punishment can be seen in this light, as it was used to deter people from committing crimes. Professor Max Gluckman used the African popular culture to explain the social function of the ritual of reversal of roles as it happened during rituals as Carnival. Similar rituals still occur in certain regions in Africa. Gluckman explains this ritual as an emphasis of certain rules and taboos through lifting them for a certain period of time. The apparent protests against the social order were intended to preserve and even to trengthen the established order. As a counter example Gluckman states that: â€Å"? in regions where the social order is seriously questioned, ‘rites of protest’ do not occur. † Riots and rebellions frequently took place during major festivals. Rebels and rioters employed rituals and symbols to legitimise their actions. Inhibitions against expressing hostility towards the authorities or individuals were weakened by the excitement of the festival and the consumption of large quantities of alcohol. If those factors were combined with discontent over a bad harvest, tax increases or other calamities, this ituation could get out of control. It could prove a good opportunity for people excluded from power to try and enforce certain changes. It is hardly surprising that members of the upper classes often suggested that particular festivals ought to be abolished. They felt threatened by the populace who during festivals tried to revolt against the ruling classes and change the economical situation they were in. The reform of popular festivals was instigated by the will of some of the ‘educated’ to change the attitudes and values of the rest of the population († to improve them†). This reformation took on different forms in different regions and it took place at different moments in time. There were also differences in the practices that were being reformed. Catholics and Protestants opposed to different elements of popular festivals and they did so for different reasons. Even within the Protestant movement, the views towards reformation of festivals and popular rituals varied. Missionaries on both sides worked in Europe to install their religious values in the local people. Reformers on both sides objected in particular to certain elements in popular religion. Festivals were part of popular religion or were at least disguised as an element of popular religion. The festival of Martinmas (11 November) was a good example of this. What were the objections of the authorities against these elements of popular culture in general and popular religion in particular? There were two essential religious objections. Firstly, the majority of festivals were seen as remnants of ancient paganism. Secondly, the festivals offered the people an occasion to over-indulge in immoral or offensive behaviour, at many occasions attacking the establishment (both ecclesiastical and civil). The first objection meant that reformers disliked many of the popular customs because they contained traces of ancient customs dating from pre-Christian times. Protestant reformers went very far in their objections, even denouncing a number of Catholic rituals as being pre-Christian survivals, considering the saints as successors of pagan gods and heroes, taking over their curative and protective functions. Magic was also considered a pagan remnant: the Protestants accused the Catholics of practising a pagan ritual by claiming that certain holy places held magical powers and could cure people. The reformers denounced the rituals they didn’t find fitting as being irreverent and blasphemous. Carnival and the charivaris were considered â€Å"the work of the devil†, because it made a mockery of certain godly elements the Church held sacred. The reformers thought people who didn’t honour God in their way to be heathen, doomed to spend their afterlife in eternal damnation. Flamboyance was to be chased out of all religious aspects of culture, and, where possible, out of all other aspects of life, according to the Protestant doctrine. In some areas, gesturing during church services was banned, as was laughter. All these things were seen as irreverent, making a mockery of religion. All these changes were introduced in order to create a sharper separation between the ’sacred’ and the ‘profane’. The ecclesiastical authorities were out to destroy the traditional familiarity with the sacred because â€Å"familiarity breeds irreverence. The objection against popular recreations stemmed from the idea that they were ‘vanities’, displeasing God because they were a waste of time and money and distracted people from going to church. This objection was shared by both the ecclesiastical and civil authorities. The latter mainly bjected because it distracted the populace from their work, which in turn affected the revenues of the leading upper classes, or from other activities that were benefiting the rich, reasons that would vary per region. Catholic and Protestant reformers were not equally hostile to popular culture, nor were they hostile for quite the same reasons. Protestant reformers were more radical, denouncing festivals as relics of popery and looking to abolish feast-days as well as the feast that came with it, because they considered the saints that were celebrated during these festivals as remnants of a pre-Christian era. Many of these Protestant reformers were equally radical in their attacks on holy images, which they considered ‘idols’. During the end of the 16th and the first half of the 17th century Dutch churches were pillaged by Protestants trying to destroy all religious relics and images (de Beeldenstorm). Catholic reformers were more modified in their actions; they tried to reach a certain modification of popular religious culture, even trying to adapt certain elements to the Catholic way of worshipping and incorporating popular elements into their religion. They insisted that some times were holier than others, and they id object to the extend to which the holy days were celebrated with food and drink. Some argued that it was impossible to obey the rites of Lent with proper reverence and devotion if they had indulged in Carnival just before. Catholic reformers also installed rules in order to regulate certain popular festivals and rituals, such as a prohibition on dressing up as a member of the clergy during Carnival or a prohibition on dancing or performing plays in churches or churchyards. Contrary to the Protestant reformers however, the Catholic reformers did not set out to abolish estivals and rituals completely. Civil authorities had their own reasons to object to popular festivals in Early Modern Europe. Apart from taking the people away from work or other obligations, the authorities feared that during the time of a festival, the abundance of alcohol could stir up the feelings of discontent the people had been hiding all throughout the year. Misery and alcohol could create a dangerous mix that would give people the courage they needed to rebel against authorities. This was a good reason for the authorities to try and stop, or at least control, popular festivals. 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The Iroquois And The US Constitution Essay free essay sample

The Iroquois And The U.S Constitution Essay, Research Paper Nothing is so cardinal yet so of import to the freedoms we enjoy every bit Americans as the United States Constitution, which guarantees our right to make and state as we please so long as it does no injury. The Iroquois Federation preamble describes the intent of the authorities set up by the authorities in their statements the accent is placed on perfect peace for the public assistance of the people. Their focal point was contending for, the autonomy of the people. Among the Indian states whose ancient seats were within the bounds of our democracy, the Iroquois have long continued to busy the most conspicuous place. The Iroquois flourished in independency, and capable of ego protection, long after the new England and Virginia races had surrendered their legal powers, and fallen into the status of dependant. States they now stand Forth upon the canvas of Indian history prominent likewise for the wisdom of their civil establishments of the conference. We will write a custom essay sample on The Iroquois And The US Constitution Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Merely the Iroquois had a system that seemed to run into most of the demands espoused by the many parties to the arguments the Iroquois surely have a considered the influence on the drafty of our ain fundamental law, and we present twenty-four hours Americans owe them a really big debt. At the clip of the initiation of Iroquois League of state, we have merely the early narratives, which was passed down from coevals until such clip as a written linguistic communication existed. We merely have narratives that were passed down form coevals to coevals until such clip as there was a written linguistic communication and interprets available to enter that early history. Early explores and settler found the Iroquois good set up as they had been for many coevalss with a democratic authorities, with a signifier at faith that acknowledged a Godhead in Eden ; with a strong sense of household which was used on, and controlled by their adult females. In 1744 an Iroquois leader, Canassatege, had an thought. In showing the thought to his assembly, he realized that no 1 was listening to what he had to state. He suggested that they should organize an umbrella group that consisted of 13 settlements. The 13 settlements were derived from the 13 cousins of the Iroquois people. He mentioned each settlement could maintain his authorization and the 13 settlements could talk to each with one voice. Many old ages subsequently the United States household developed this thought the fundamental law. The United States Constitution is the supreme jurisprudence of the land. it was written by the Continental Congress. Every citizen and non-citizens right are guaranteed by the fundamental law. The fundamental law can be changed and these alterations are called Amendments. The first 10 are called the Bill of Rights. There are 26 alterations to the fundamental law. By comparing the Iroquois federation to the Federalist and anti-federalist places one will see that there are many similarities every bit good as the difference among the three. The similarities between the Iroquois an the Federalist allows me to believe that the Iroquois were the 1s responsible for the defining this great state, America. The Adoption of the Fundamental law Washington was nem con chosen president and a secretary was appointed. A few yearss # 8217 ; later regulations of process were adopted. It was determined that each province should hold one ballot in the convention. As was the instance in the Virginians, who had arrived in progress of most of the deputations met often in informal caucus and drafted series of declarations, mostly the work of Madison, which was presented to the convention on by Governor Randolph. The Virginian program, declarations are called, provided for a division of the cardinal authorities into three sections, legislative, executive and judicial. The Virginian program may be called the big province program. it proposed exchanges in the construction and character of the federal authorities so sweeping that they could barely be regarded simply as a serious of amendments of the articles of alliance. Professor Max Farrand, ( the editor of the records of the federal convention ) has compiled from the Hagiographas of the members of the convention. Prior to its meeting, a list of what they regarded as the defects of the Articles of Confederation. His sentiment was based on a elaborate cognition of the proceedings of the convention is that there is small of importance in the fundamental law that did non originate from the attempt to rectify these specific defects. The truth is, that the great rules of the fundamental law proposed by the convention may be considered less as a perfectly now, than as the enlargement of rules which are found in the articles of Confederation. If the new fundamental law, be examined with truth and fairness, it will be found that the alteration which it propose consists much less in the add-on of New powers to the brotherhood, than in the animation of it # 8217 ; s original powers. Bequest of the Iroquois Revolution The Indians decided to negociate a pact at garrison stanwit. This new pact seemed necessary since Great Britain had made no footings for her Indian Alliess in the peace of Paris. They had promised the Mohawks pulp for their assistance in the war ; it seemed clear that Iroquois involvements had been abandoned. In make up ones minding the destiny of the Mohawks and other pro-British Iroquois, the British had played a cardinal function. For a clip, the Mohawks remained on the American side of the Niagara River, and the Senecas offered them land in the Genesse vale. However, Brant and his followings had no desire, to stay in New York. Subsequently, Governor Haldimald consented to buy a piece of land of land at the Bay of Quite for Brant and his people. But the sencas wanted Brant # 8217 ; s people closer, so Halmond secured a 1200-square stat mi piece of land on the Grand River Reserve, some refused to travel frequently they had settled at the Bay of Quinte. The Iroquois were said to be the most powerful people in the eastern forests. Some bookmans wrote that the Iroquois may hold arising every bit early as 1390 Ad, other said that they came between 1450-1500 Ad, it was really hard to state because during that clip no linguistic communication was written and any information collected were passed down from coevals to coevals. The Iroquois were still a strong and independent people at the terminal of the American Revolution. However, the attendant peace was to make even more desolation so the war had done. Land was taken randomly from former Alliess such as the Onedas and Tuscaroras, every bit good as from the folk that had supported the British. It is interesting that the thoughts of the Iroquois Confederacy service as illustrations both far the democratic societies every bit good as for the communist both of the universe # 8217 ; s major political orientation seem to trying to recapture, through theories and assorted establishment, the spirit of the Iroquois Confederacy. America tries to derive liberty through political establishments, while the Communist states are seeking to carry through their end through province planning and national control of the forces of production every bit good as the land and resources. Therefore, the values of the Iroquois Confederacy lived on today, and these same constructs have appalled contemplation in American establishments besides. The United States fundamental law would overthrow the Articles of Confederation in order to give the province more power, but the Bill of Rights that Jefferson and others insisted upon represent the endurance of political freedom and integrity through treatment and consensus. Furthermore, the bequest of Hiawatha and Degonawidah survives among the Iroquois and in the heritage of the American people. The Iroquois federation can be compared to the federalist place because they # 8217 ; re really similar with the exclusion of the one thing. The Iroquois were divided into five states: the Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, Oneida, and the Cayuga. Each state had its ain opinion council. The Mohawks Lords were the caputs and the leaders of the five state # 8217 ; s Confederacy. The Mohawk Lords were besides the substrate of the Great Peace. In footings of their cheques and balances system, the Iroquois people designed a system where no 1 in their authorities will keep excessively much power. The Mohawk Council was divided into three parties to guarantee that each of their powers were non abused or taken advantage of by any of the members. The first party was Ayonhwhatah and Shadekaeiwade, the 2nd party was Sharenhowaneh and Deyoenhegwenh and the 3rd party consist of Dehennakrineh, Aghstawenserethah and Shoskoharowaneh. The duty of the 3rd party was to listen to the determinations of the first and 2nd party. If for some grounds there are mistakes within the determination the instance will so be taken to the Seneca Lord. Each Iroquois state ran its internal personal businesss with a council of elected delegates. They besides sent their delegates to a expansive council, and they ran personal businesss among states. This was a pure Federalist system. Unlike the Federalist, the Iroquois had one legislative system. Bing the scholarly people the Iroquois were, enabled them to manage their issues in a alone mode. A instance of extreme importance prompted the assemblage of the associate assembly underneath the # 8220 ; Tree of Long Leaves. # 8221 ; Womans played a really of import portion in the Iroquois life. When a adult male of Iroquois descent married a adult female, he would travel in with his married woman and her household. Womans owned all the belongings in the long house, and they were in charge of seting and reaping. Even though these adult females had their family jobs to execute, they were held in high respects by the work forces. Iroquois adult females had political power ; they were responsible for taking the work forces that served on the council. Iroquois adult females had a batch of autonomy. The power the Iroquois adult females held enabled them to impeach. Merely a adult female was able to replace an impeached leader. Basically, the formation of the United States was influenced by Iroquois political and philosophical traditions. The thoughts of freedom and equality stimulated and so transformed and transplanted. Europeans, who came to American dirt, were receptive to such constructs because they had in one manner or another repudiated to a grade, the values of the female parent state. Military Iroquois made a part to the formation of the Untied States. Although divided on the issue of American independency, their schemes about frontier combat shaped the head of the youthful, every bit good as the mature, George Washington. Even after the revolution the Iroquois continued to play a cardinal function in forming of the political establishment of America every bit good as the universe. The ideals of the Iroquois Confederacy serve as basis for democratic societies and as an inspiration to the peoples of the universe. In a really existent sense, the bequest of the Revolution was ( and is ) a negative 1 for the Iroquois. Deprived of their land divided on distant reserves in Canada and the United States, the Iroquois had small to joy approximately in the initiation of the United States. The tribal liberty and the followers of the old ways were to be frowned upon by a new authorities. if there was a promise of freedom for the Indians during the American revolution, n it was rapidly discarded for speedy land acquisitions on order to function the involvements of the ungratified white backwoodsmans. Working the legal constructions of the United States every bit good as through demonstrative activities, the Iroquois states are seeking to recover some of their land and protest their rights. They are people with enormous sense of endurance and interior strength. Their continuity as a feasible and cohesive civilization is a memorial to human values that have intending in malice of persecution and licking, by a military strong civilization. The conference of the Iroquois lives on a testimony to freedom, for all that attention to analyze it. Its spirit endures as a vision and a good for improvement of world. Mentions ? Lathom, Earl: The Declaration of Independence and the fundamental law. Revised Edition- Copyright 1956 ? www.law.ou.edu/hist/iroquois.html ? Guide Jr. , Donald A: The Iroquois and the initiation of the American Nation. Copyright 1977 ? Morgan, Henry Lewis: League of the Iroquois ? The American Journey ? Lathom, Earl: The Declaration of Independence and the fundamental law. Revised Edition- Copyright 1956 ? www.law.ou.edu/hist/iroquois.html ? Guide Jr. , Donald A: The Iroquois and the initiation of the American Nation. Copyright 1977 ? Morgan, Henry Lewis: League of the Iroquois ? The American Journey